EARTHQUAKES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 1PDF电子书下载

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1

Ⅰ．Nature of the Book 1

Ⅱ．Severity of the Problem 1

Chapter 2 Earthquake Parameters 13

Ⅰ．Cause of Earthquakes 13

Ⅱ．Elastic Rebound Theory 14

Ⅲ．Measurement of Crustal Strain 17

Ⅳ．Fault Parameters 18

Ⅴ．Fault Creep 28

Ⅵ．Seismic Waves 31

Ⅶ．Seismic Instrumentation 42

Ⅷ．Seismic Networks 49

Ⅸ．Earthquake Descriptors 54

A．Magnitude 54

1．Magnitude Misunderstandings 61

2．Magnitude and Energy 62

3．Magnitude and Faulting 64

4．Foreshocks,Aftershocks,and Swarms 66

5．Earthquake Frequency 67

B．Intensity 70

1．Intensity Scales 70

2．Data Gathering and Compilation 75

3．1soseismal Maps 80

4．Empirical Relationships 81

5．Proposed Terminology 82

C．Seismic Data Collection,Analysis,and Dissemination 83

Ⅹ．Plate Tectonics 86

A．A Mobile Viewof the Earth 89

C．Seiches 93

B．Future Plate Positions 116

C．Driving Mechanism(s) 116

D．Earthquake Geography 116

E．Intraplate Earthquakes 136

Chapter 3 Earthquake Hazards 141

Ⅰ．Introduction 141

Ⅱ．Direct Hazards 141

A．Fault Displacements 141

B．Tectonic Uplift and Subsidence 153

C．Ground Shaking 156

A．Ground Failure 167

1．Slope Failures 167

Ⅲ．Induced Hazards 167

2．Compaction 181

3．Quick Condition Failures 183

B．Tsunamis 184

1．Tsunami Characteristics 185

2．Tsunami Geography and Historical Tsunamis 187

3．Tsunami Warning Systems 191

D．Fire 195

Ⅳ．Multiple Earthquake Hazards 200

Index 203