SOCIAL PROBLEMSPDF电子书下载

I. The Sociological Study of Social Problems 1

1. DEFINING SOCIAL PROBLEMS 3

What Are Social Problems? 5

Sociology and Definition of Social Problems 9

People, Places, Behavior, and Institutions 76

Summary 79

2. THE STUDY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS 21

Concepts and Theories in the Study of Social Problems 22

Some Important General Ideas 29

Sources of Data on Social Problems 34

Summary 42

II. People and Places: Social Locations of Social Problems 43

3. INEQUALITY, AFFLUENCE, AND POVERTY: CLASS AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM 45

Inequality as a Problem in American Society 46

The Wealthy 49

The Poor 53

The Causes of Poverty 57

Summary 66

4. RACISM AND RACIAL INJUSTICE: AMERICAN MINORITIES 68

What is Race and Racism? 70

The Problem of Prejudice 74

Race and Inequality as a Problem 80

Four Minorities 86

Minorities and the Future 99

Summary 100

5. GENDER: THE STATUS OF WOMEN 103

History of and Changes in the Status of American Women 104

Men and Women: The Disappearing Difference 111

Sexual Inequality as a Social Problem 121

Sex Differences and Inequality: The Future 127

Summary 129

6. AGE IN AMERICA 131

Defining the Life Span: What is Age? 133

Redefining the Life Span: History, Structure, and Economy 139

Aging of the Population as a Problem 143

Conflict of Generations 149

Summary 152

7. CITY AND COUNTRY 154

American Culture and the City: A Tradition of Problems 156

Sociologists and New Cities of the 1920s-More Problems 157

City and Country: Gainers and Losers and New Economic Problems 161

The City and Social Policy 169

Summary 172

III. Four Problems in Behavior 175

8. CRIME 177

Defining Crime 178

Redefining Crime 181

Crime as Normal: The Social Function of the Criminal 182

How Much Crime Is There? 183

Social Location of Street Crime 193

Why is There Crime? 198

How May Crime Be Reduced? 203

Summary 205

9. DRUGS 206

Defining Drug Abuse: Drugs and Their Users 208

Redefining the Drug Problem 225

Why People Use Drugs 234

Reducing Drug-Related Social Problems 239

Summary 241

10. SEX PROBLEMS 242

Problems of Sex Education 245

Problems with Inappropriate Partners 247

Problems of Population Control 258

Problems of Pornography and Prostitution: Sex and Money 264

Problems of Harmful Sex Behavior 270

Sexual Behavior and Public Policy 273

Summary 274

11. PROBLEMS OF RESPONSIVE SOCIETY: CONFEDENCE, SPECIAL INTERESTS, ENVIRONMENT, AND CONSUMERISM 276

The Crisis of Confidence 278

Public Interests and Private Rights 282

The Crisis of the Environment 290

The Rise of Consumerism 296

Summary 302

IV. Institutional Solutions to Social Problems 304

12. EDUCATION 307

Institutionalization of the Schools 308

The Question of Effectiveness 314

American Education: Sociological Explanation of Problems 325

Summary 333

13. THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM 335

Institutionalization of Criminal Justice 336

The Question of Effectiveness 341

Criminal Justice: The Sociological View 353

Solving the Problem of Criminal Justice 357

Summary 358

14. INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY 360

Institutionalization of Charity as a Government Responsibility 362

The Three Kinds of Welfare 363

The Sociological View: Two Controversial Programs 366

The Enduring Poor 378

Summary 379

15. THE HEALTH OF A NATION 381

Health Institutions as Problems 382

Growth of an Institution 389

Nature of Mental Health 395

Mental Health: An Institution in Change 402

The Nation's Health: Prospects and Policy 410

Summary 411

INDEX 413