principles of materials science and engineeringPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENQINEERINQ 1

1.1 MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 1

1.2 MATERALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 3

1.3 TYPES OF MATERIALS 5

1.4 COMPETITION AMONG MATERIALS 9

1.5 FUTURE TRENDS IN MATERIALS USAGE 11

CHAPTER 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND DONDING 17

2.1 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 17

2.2 ATOMIC NUMBERS AND ATOMIC MASSES 18

2.3 THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 21

2.4 TYPES OF ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR BONDS 35

2.5 IONIC BONDING 35

2.6 COVALENT BONDING 42

2.7 METALLIC BONDING 49

2.8 SECONDARY BONDING 52

2.9 MIXED BONDING 56

CHAPTER3 CRYSTAL STRUCTVRES AND CRYSTAL QEOMETRY 63

3.1 THE SPACE LATTICE AND UNIT CELLS 63

3.2 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES 64

3.3 PRINCIPAL METALLIC CRYSTALSTRUCTURES 66

3.4 ATOM POSITIONS IN CUBIC UNIT CELLS 75

3.5 DIRECTIONS IN CUBIC UNIT CELLS 76

3.6 MILLER INDICES FOR CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PLANES IN CUBIC UNIT CELLS 78

3.7 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PLANES AND DIRECTIONS IN HEXAGONAL UNIT CELLS 83

3.8 COMPARISON OF FCC, HCP, AND BCC CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 85

3.9 VOLUME, PLANAR, AND LINEAR DENSITY UNIT CELL CALCULATIONS 87

3.10 POLYMORPHISM OR ALLOTROPY 92

3.11 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 94

CHAPTER 4 SOLIDIFICATION, CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS, AND DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS 113

4.1 SOLIDIFICATION OF METALS 113

4.2 SOLIDIFICATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS 122

4.3 METALLIC SOLID SOLUTIONS 125

4.4 CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS 129

4.5 RATE PROCESSES IN SOLIDS 142

4.6 ATOMIC DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS 147

4.7 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF DIFFUSION PROCESSES 153

4.8 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS 161

CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 173

5.1 ELECTRICAI CONDUC？ON IN MLTALS 173

5.2 ENERGY BAND MODEL FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION 184

5.3 INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 187

5.4 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 204

5.5 SEMICO？？ 204

5.6 MICRO？ 212

CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OFME？ 231

6.1 THE PROCESSING METALS AND ALLOYS 231

6.2 STRESS AND STRAIN IN METALS 242

6.3 THE TENSILE T ES T AND THE ENGINEERING STRESSSTRAIN DIAGRAM 247

6.4 HARDNESS AND HARDNESS TESTING 255

6.5 PLASTIC DEFORMATTON OF METAL SINGLE CRYSTALS 258

6.6 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS 268

6.7 SOLID-SOLUTION STRENGTHENING OF METALS 272

6.8 RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLIZATION OF PLASTICALLY DEFORMED METALS 273

6.9 FRACTURE OF METALS 279

6.10 FATIGUE OF METALS 284

6.11 CREEP AND STRESS RUPTURE OF METALS 288

CHAPTER 7 POLYMERIC MATERIALS 299

7.1 INTRODUCTION 299

7.2 POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS 302

7.3 INDUSTRIAL POLYMERIZATION METHODS 313

7.4 CRYSTALLINITY AND STEREOISOMERISM IN SOME THERMOPLASTICS 315

7.5 PROCESSING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS 320

7.6 GENERAL-PURPOSE THERMOPLASTICS 326

7.7 ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTICS 342

7.8 THERMOSETTING PLASTICS （THERMOSETS） 354

7.9 ELASTOMERS （RUBBERS） 364

7.10 DEFORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS 370

7.11 CREEP AND FRACTURE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS 376

CHAPTER 8 PHASE DIAGRAMS 395

8.1 PHASE DIAGRAMS OF PURE SUBSTANCES 396

8.2 GIBBS PHASE RULE 397

8.3 BINARY ISOMORPHOUS ALLOY SYSTEMS 399

8.4 THE LEVER RULE 402

8.5 NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLIDIFICATION OF ALLOYS 405

8.6 BINARY EUTECTIC ALLOY SYSTEMS 408

8.7 BINARY PERITECTIC ALLOY SYSTEMS 415

8.8 BINARY MONOTECTIC SYSTEMS 421

8.9 INVARIANT REACTIONS 423

8.10 PHASE DIAGRAMS WITH INTERMEDIATE PHASES AND COMPOUNDS 424

8.11 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS 424

CHAPTER 9 ENGINEERING ALLOYS 437

9.1 PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL 438

9.2 THE IRON-IRON CARBIDE PHASE DIAGRAM 441

9.3 HEAT TREATMENT OF PLAIN-CARBON STEELS 450

9.4 LOW-ALLOY STEELS 468

9.5 ALUMINUM ALLOYS 476

9.6 COPPER ALLOYS 493

9.7 STAINLESS STEELS 499

9.8 CAST IRONS 504

9.9 MAGNESIUM,TTTANIUM.AND NICKEL ALLOYS 512

CHAPTER 10 CERAMIC MATERIALS 527

10.1 INTRODUCTION 527

10.2 SIMPLE CERAMIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 529

10.3 SILICATE STRUCTURES 543

10.4 PROCESSING OF CERAMICS 548

10.5 TRADITIONAL AND TECHNICAL CERAMICS 555

10.6 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 559

10.7 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 568

10.8 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 573

10.9 GLASSES 577

CHAPTER 11 MAGNETIC MATERIALS 597

11.1 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND QUANTITIES 598

11.2 TYPES OF MAGNETISM 602

11.3 EFFECT OFTEMPERAI URE ON FERROMAGNETISM 607

11.4 FERROMAGNETIC DOMAINS 607

11.5 TYPES OF ENERGIES THAT DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF FERROMAGNETIC DOMAINS 609

11.6 THE MAGNETIZATION AND DEMAGNETIZATION OF A FERROMAGNETIC METAL 615

11.7 SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS 616

11.8 HARD MAGNETIC MATERIALS 621

11.9 FERRITES 629

CHAPTER 12 CORROSION 643

12.1 GENERAL 643

12.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION OF METALS 644

12.3 GALVANIC CELLS 648

12.4 CORROSION RATES （KINETICS） 661

12.5 TYPES OF CORROSION 667

12.6 OXIDATION OF METALS 682

12.7 CORROSION CONTROL 686

CHAPTER 13 COMPOSITE MATERIALS 699

13.1 INTRODUCTION 699

13.2 FIBERS FOR REINFORCED-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 701

13.3 FIBER-REINFORCED-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 707

13.4 OPEN-MOLD PROCESSES FOR FIBER-REINFORCED-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 717

13.5 CLOSED-MOLD PROCESSES FOR FIBER-REINFORCED-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 722

13.6 CONCRETE 724

13.7 ASPHALT AND ASPHALT MIXES 734

13.8 WOOD 735

13.9 SANDWICH STRUCTURES 743

Appendix Ⅰ Some Properties of Selected Elements 755

Appendix Ⅱ Ionic Radii of the Elements 757

Appendix Ⅲ Selected Physical Quantities and Their Units 759

Answers to Selected Problems 761

Indes 767