aircraft and automobile propulsion a textbookPDF电子书下载

1.Cycles and Processes 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Thermodynamic Processes and Cycles 2

1.3 Otto Cycle 19

1.4 Diesel Cycle 24

1.5 Dual Cycle 29

1.6 Comparison of Cycles 34

1.7 Brake Thermal Efficiency 38

1.8 Mechanical Efficiency 38

1.9 Overall Efficiency 39

1.10 Volumetric Efficiency 39

1.11 Torque and Mean Effective Pressure 39

1.12 Specific Fuel Consumptions 40

Summary 42

Questions 43

2.Aircraft Power Plants 45

2.1 Introduction 45

2.2 Brief Description and Principles 46

2.3 Turbojet Propulsion 57

2.4 Propeller Propulsion 61

2.5 Turboprop Propulsion 62

2.6 Bypass Jet Propulsion 66

2.7 Ramjet Propulsion 67

Summary 68

Questions 68

3.Internal Combustion Engines 71

3.1 Introduction 71

3.2 Types and Process 72

3.3 Working of Spark Ignition Engines 80

3.4 Working of Compression Ignition Engines 83

3.5 Working of 2-stroke Engines 85

3.6 Working of 4-stroke Engines 87

3.7 Parts of Engines and Their Materials 90

3.8 Combustion Process 91

3.9 Abnormal Combustion 96

3.10 Arrangements for Multi-cylinder Aircraft Engines 98

3.11 Intake and Exhaust Manifolds 99

3.12 Aircraft SI Engines 100

3.12.1 Ignition Systems 101

3.12.2 Effect of Altitude and Speed 103

3.12.3 Power Required and Power Available 104

3.12.4 Supercharging 106

3.12.5 Types of Superchargers 107

Summary 109

Questions 109

4.Internal Combustion Engines 113

4.1 Introduction 113

4.2 IHP 114

4.3 BHP or SHP 116

4.4 FHP 118

4.5 Corrections Factors 121

4.6 Variable Speed and Constant Speed Test 123

Summary 133

Questions 133

5.Elements of Heat Transfer 135

5.1 Introduction 135

5.2 Heat Transfer Process 136

5.3 Heat Conduction 147

5.4 Thermal Conductivity 150

5.5 General Equation for Heat Conduction 152

5.6 1-D Heat Conduction 154

5.7 2-D Heat Conduction 169

5.8 Convective Heat Transfer Process 178

5.9 Free Convection Heat Transfer 182

5.9.1 Convection on Flat Plate 183

5.9.2 Planes 183

5.9.3 Cylinders 184

5.9.4 Sphere 184

5.10 Thermal Radiation 184

5.11 Emissive Power 186

5.12 Plank's Distributive Law 187

5.13 Radiation Properties 189

Summary 198

Questions 198

6.Carburetion 201

6.1 Introduction 201

6.2 Fuel-air Ratio Requirements 202

6.3 Typical Carburetor Elements 204

6.4 Calculation of Venturi and Fuel Orifice Size 209

Summary 214

Questions 214

7.Lubrication and Cooling Systems 217

7.1 Introduction 217

7.2 Type of Lubrication Systems 218

7.2.1 Petrol Lubrication System 219

7.2.2 Splash Lubrication System 219

7.2.3 Semi-Pressure Lubrication System 220

7.2.4 Pressure Lubrication System 220

7.2.5 Dry-sump Lubrication System 220

7.3 Properties of Engine Lubricants 221

7.4 Properties of Lubricant Additives 223

7.5 Types of Colling Systems 224

7.5.1 Air Cooling 225

7.5.2 Pressure Cooling 226

7.5.3 Steam Cooling 227

Summary 228

Questions 228

Further Reading 231

Appendix 233

Index 239