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Part 1 Grid Computing 1

CHAPTER1 Introduction 3

Early Grid Activities 6

Data 6

Computation 7

Computational and Data Grids 7

Current Grid Activities 9

An Overview of Grid Business Areas 12

Life Sciences 13

Financial Analysis and Services 14

Research Collaboration 14

Engineering and Design 15

Collaborative Games 15

Govemment 16

Grid Applications 16

Schedulers 16

Resource Broker 17

Load Balancing 18

Grid Portals 18

Integrated Solutions 19

Grid Infrastructure 19

Conclusion 23

Notes 24

Part 2 Grid Computing Worldwide Initiatives 25

CHAPTER 2 Grid Computing Organizations and Their Roles 27

Organizations Developing Grid Standards and Best Practice Guidelines 28

Global Grid Forum(GGF) 29

Organizations Developing Grid Computing Toolkits and the Framework 30

Globus 30

Legion 31

Condor and Condor-G 34

Nimrod 35

UNICORE(UNiform Interface to COmputer REsource) 37

NSF Middleware Initiative(NMI) 37

Organizations Building and Using Grid-Based Solutions to Solve Computing,Data,and Network Requirements 38

United States Department of Energy:Science Grid(DOE) 38

European Union:EUROGRID Project 39

European Union:Data Grid Project 40

TeraGrid 42

NASA Information Power Grid(IPG) 43

Commercial Organizations Building and Using Grid-Based Solutions 45

Notes 45

CHAPTER 3 The Grid Computing Anatomy 47

The Grid Problem 48

The Concept of Virtual Organizations 48

Grid Architecture 50

Grid Architecture and Relationship to Other Distributed Technologies 55

Summary 57

Notes 57

CHAPTER 4 The Grid Computing Road Map 59

Autonomic Computing 60

Business On Demand and Infrastructure Virtualization 61

Service-Oriented Architecture and Grid 63

Semantic Grids 66

Summary 68

Notes 68

Part 3 The New Generation of Grid Computing Applications 69

CHAPTER 5 Merging the Grid Services Architecture with the Web Services Architecture 71

Service-Oriented Architecture 72

Web Service Architecture 74

XML,Related Technologies,and Their Relevance to Web Services 75

XML Messages and Enveloping 75

SOAP 76

The SOAP Processing Model 78

SOAP Features 78

Message Exchange Pattern 79

SOAP Modules 80

Service Message Description Mechanisms 80

Web Service Description Language(WSDL) 81

The Global XML Architecture Vision 86

Service Policy 88

Policy Expressions and Assertions 89

Security 91

Attaining Message integrity 95

Some High-Level GXA Security Standards 100

Addressing(WS-Addressing) 101

Relationship between Web Service and Grid Service 103

Interaction Aware State Information 105

Application Aware State Information 105

Web Service Interoperability and the Role of the WS-I Organization 107

Introduction to Basic Profile Guidelines 107

Some Details on the Basic Profile,with Samples 108

WSDL Document Structure 109

Notes 112

Part 4 The Grid Computing Technological Viewpoints 115

CHAPTER 6 Open Grid Services Architecture(OGSA) 117

Introduction 117

OGSA Architecture and Goal 118

CHAPTER 7 Some Sample Use Cases that Drive the OGSA 121

Commercial Data Center(CDC) 122

Summary 122

Customers/Providers(Actors) 122

Scenarios 122

Functional Requirements on OGSA 123

National Fusion Collaboratory(NFS) 123

Summaty 123

Customers(Actors) 124

Scenarios 124

Functional Requirements on OGSA 124

Online Media and Entertainment 125

Summary 125

Actors 125

Scenarios 125

Functional Requirements on OGSA 126

Summary 126

Note 127

CHAPTER 8 The OGSA Platform Components 129

Native Platform Services and Transport Mechanisms 130

OGSA Hosting Environment 130

Core Networking Services Transport and Security 131

OGSA Infrastructure 131

OGSA Basic Services 131

Summary 132

CHAPTER 9 Open Grid Services Infrastructure(OGSI) 133

Introduction 133

Grid Services 133

A High-Level Introduction to OGSI 136

Technical Details of OGSl Specification 138

OGSI and Its Use of WSDL 138

Significance of Transforming GWSDL to WSDL Definition 140

Operator Overloading Support in OGSI Port Type 141

Introduction to Service Data Concepts 142

How to Declare Service Data with a portType 143

Service Data Structure 144

How Mutability Attributes Affect Service Data 146

Types of Service Data Elements and Service Data Values 146

The GWSDL portType Inheritance Afiects the Service Data 147

Qualifying Service Data Element with Lifetime Attributes 149

Summary on OGSI-Defined Service Data Concepts 151

Grid Service:Naming and Change Management Recommendations 151

Grid Service Instance Handles,References,and Usage Models 152

Recommended GSR Encoding in WSDL 153

Life Cycle ofa Grid Service Instance 155

Service Lifecycle Management Using a Soft-State Approach 155

Service Operation Extensibility Features of Grid Services 156

Service Fault Handling in OGSI 156

Grid Service Interfaces 157

Inside the GridService portType 160

Grid Service-Provided Service Data Query Capabilities:Syntax and Semantics 160

Grid Service-Provided Service Data Update Capabilities:Syntax and Semantics 162

Grid Service Factory Concepts 164

Grid Service Hand le Resolution Concepts 164

OGSI-Defined Grid Service Notification Framework 165

Service Grouping Concepts in OGSI 168

Membership Rules for a Service Group 170

Service Entries in a Service Group 171

ServiceGroup Entry 172

A Simple Registry Utilizing the OGSI Service Group Concepts 172

Grid Services and Client Programming Models 175

Grid Services and Service Programming Model 176

Summary 177

Notes 178

CHAPTER 10 OGSA Basic Services 179

Common Management Model(CMM) 179

Manageability Interfaces 180

Domain-Specific Interfaces 180

New Constructs for Resource Modeling 181

CMM-Defined Manageability Interfaces 181

Resource Modeling Concepts 182

Resource Lifecycle Modeling 183

Resource Grouping Concepts in CMM 186

Relationship and Dependency among Resources 188

Summary 189

Service Domains 189

Summary 191

Policy Architecture 191

Levels of Policy Abstraction 193

A Sample Policy Service Framework 194

Policy Service Interfaces 195

WS-Policy Overview and Its Relation to OGSA Policy 196

Summary 196

Security Architecture 196

OGSA Security Architecture 198

Security Services 200

Binding Security 201

Policy Expression and Exchange 201

Secure Association 201

Identity and Credential Mapping/Translation 202

Authorization Enforcement 202

Privacy Enforcement 202

Trust 203

Core Security Services for OGSA 203

Summary 204

Metering and Accounting 204

Metering Service Interface 205

Rating Service Interface 206

Accounting Service Interface 206

Billing/Payment Service Interface 206

Summary 206

Common Distributed Logging 206

Distributed Data Access and Replication 208

Conceptual Model 209

Service Implementation 212

Summary 213

Conclusion 213

Notes 213

Part 5 The Grid Computing Toolkits 215

CHAPTER 11 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:Architecture 217

GT3 Software Architecture Model 218

Default Server-Side Framework 219

Globus GT3 Architecture Details 221

Grid Service Container 222

OGSI Reference Implementation 222

Security Infrastructure 222

Transport-Level Security 223

Message-Level Security 223

Security Directions 224

System-Level Services 224

Hosting Environments 225

Load Balancing Features in GT3 225

Client-Side Framework 225

Message Preprocessing Handlers 227

Summary 227

Note 227

CHAPTER 12 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:Programming Model 229

Introduction 229

Service Programming Model 229

Grid Service Behavior Implementation 229

Operation Providers 232

Factory Callback Mechanism 236

Grid Service Lifecycle Callbacks and Lifecycle Management 239

Service Activation 241

Service Deactivation 241

Service State Data Persistence Mechanisms 242

GT3-Provided Service Types 242

Grid Service Lifecycle Model 243

GT3-Supported Programming Model for Service Data Management 244

Creating Dynamic Service Data Elements 247

Service Data from Service Annotation 248

Service Data Query Support in GT3 250

Custom Query Engines and Evaluators 252

Service Data Change Notification 254

Client Programming Model 257

GT3 Tools 259

Service and Client-Side artifacts 261

GT3 Configuration 262

GT3-Provided Default Implementation Classes 264

Significance of Message Handlers in GT3 265

JAX-RPC Handlers 266

AXIS Handlers 268

GT3 Security Implementation and Programming Model 269

GT3 Security Handlers 270

Internal Security Design Workflow Details 275

WS-Security Handling 276

Service Message Exchange Logging 276

Other Important Elements in GT3 278

Message Style and Encoding 279

Type-Mapping and Serialization 279

Summary 280

CHAPTER 13 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:A Sample Implementation 281

Acme Search Service Implementation in a Top-Down Approach 282

Base Service Implementation 282

Implementing Search Grid Service 299

Grid Service Configuration 300

Simple Client Implementation 301

Advanced Grid Service 313

Advanced Service Data Concepts 313

Operation Providers 318

Conclusion 328

Notes 328

CHAPTER 14 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:High-Level Services 329

Introduction 329

Resource Discovery and Monitoring 329

Resource Allocation 329

Data Management 330

Information Services 331

Component Model for Information Services 332

Conclusion 339

Index Services 339

IndexService Information Model 340

Functional Aspects of Index Service 341

Index Service Configuration Model 342

Monitoring and Discovery 344

Summary 344

Resource Information Provider Service 345

Internal Operations of RIPS 346

Summary 347

Resource Management Services 347

Two Aspects to the GRAM Architecture 349

Resource Specification Language 350

Summary 351

Data Management Services 351

Grid File Transfer Protocol(GridFTP) 351

Reliable File Transfer(RFT) 351

Replica Location Service(RLS) 351

Summary 351

Conclusion 352

Note 352

CHAPTER 15 OGSI.NET Middleware Solutions 353

OGSI.NET Framework Implementation 353

Architecture Overview 354

Dispatcher 355

Grid Service Wrapper 355

Factory 355

Message Handlers 356

Security 356

Persistence 356

Programming Model 356

Attribute-Based Programming 356

OGSIPortTypeAttribute 357

NotificationSourcePortType 357

Configuration 357

Summary 358

Notes 359

Glossary 361

References 367

Index 369