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1 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 1

1-1 INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 2

1-2 FLUX LINKAGE，INDUCTANCE，AND ENERGY 9

1-3 PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 14

1-4 AC EXCITATION 17

1-5 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFORMERS 24

1-6 NO-LOAD CONDITIONS 26

1-7 EFFECT OF SECONDARY CURRENT；IDEAL TRANSFORMER 30

1-8 TRANSFORMER REACTANCES AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS 33

1-9 ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMER ANALYSIS 38

1-10 TRANSFORMERS IN THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS 48

1-11 THE PER UNIT SYSTEM 52

1-12 AUTOTRANSFORMERS；MULTICIRCUIT TRANSFORMERS 57

1-13 SUMMARY 60

PROBLEMS 62

2 Electromechanical Energy-Conversion Principles 71

2-1 FORCES AND TORQUES IN MAGNETIC FIELD SYSTEMS 72

2-2 ENERGY BALANCE 76

2-3 ENERGY AND FORCE IN SINGLY EXCITED MAGNETIC FIELD SYSTEMS 78

2-4 DETERMINATION OF MAGNETIC FORCE；COENERGY 83

2-5 MULTIPLE EXCITED MAGNETIC FIELD SYSTEMS 90

2-6 DYNAMIC EQUATIONS 94

2-7 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 99

2-8 SUMMARY 104

PROBLEMS 105

3 Rotating Machines：Basic Concepts 117

3-1 ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS 117

3-2 INTRODUCTION TO AC AND DC MACHINES 120

3-3 MMF OF DISTRIBUTED WINDINGS 131

3-4 MAGNETIC FIELDS IN ROTATING MACHINERY 140

3-5 ROTATING MMF WAVES IN AC MACHINES 143

3-6 GENERATED VOLTAGE 150

3-7 TORQUE IN NON-SALIENT-POLE MACHINES 155

3-8 SUMMARY 165

PROBLEMS 167

4 Engineering Aspects of Practical Electric-Machine Performance 175

4-1 MAGNETIC SATURATION 175

4-2 LEAKAGE FLUXES 178

4-3 LOSSES 181

4-4 RATING AND HEATING 184

4-5 COOLING MEANS FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES 188

4-6 EXCITATION SOURCES 190

4-7 ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY 193

4-8 THE NATURE OF MACHINERY PROBLEMS 194

4-9 SUMMARY 196

PROBLEMS 197

5 DC Machines：Steady State 201

5-1 INTRODUCTION TO DC MACHINES 201

5-2 COMMUTATOR ACTION 208

5-3 EFFECT OF ARMATURE MMF 211

5-4 ANALYTICAL FUNDAMENTALS：ELECTRIC-CIRCUIT ASPECTS 214

5-5 ANALYTICAL FUNDAMENTALS：MAGNETIC-CIRCUIT ASPECTS 217

5-6 ANALYSIS OF STEADY-STATE PERFORMANCE 221

5-7 COMMUTATION AND INTERPOLES 230

5-8 COMPENSATING WINDINGS 233

5-9 SUMMARY； DC MACHINE APPLICATIONS 235

PROBLEMS 237

6 DC Machine Dynamics and Control 247

6-1 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL 247

6-2 DYNAMIC EQUATIONS 251

6-3 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF DC MACHINES 254

6-4 EFFECTS OF SATURATION：SELF-EXCITED GENERATORS 266

6-5 INTRODUCTION TO RECTIFIER CIRCUITS 270

6-6 SOLID-STATE DC MOTOR-DRIVE SYSTEMS 280

6-7 AN ELEMENTARY MOTOR-SPEED REGULATOR 290

6-8 METADYNES AND AMPLIDYNES 295

6-9 SUMMARY 298

PROBLEMS 299

7 Synchronous Machines：Steady State 311

7-1 INTRODUCTION TO POLYPHASE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 312

7-2 SYNCHRONOUS-MACHINE INDUCTANCES；EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS 314

7-3 OPEN- AND SHORT-CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS 320

7-4 STEADY-STATE POWER-ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS 328

7-5 STEADY-STATE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 334

7-6 EFFECTS OF SALIENT POLES； INTRODUCTION TO DIRECT- AND QUADRATURE-AXIS THEORY 339

7-7 POWER-ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SALIENT-POLE MACHINES 345

7-8 INTERCONNECTED SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS 349

7-9 SUMMARY 351

PROBLEMS 352

8 Synchronous Machines：Transient Performance 361

8-1 SYNCHRONOUS-MACHINE TRANSIENTS 362

8-2 TRANSFORMATION TO DIRECT- AND QUADRATURE-AXIS VARIABLES 364

8-3 BASIC MACHINE RELATIONS IN dq0 VARIABLES 367

8-4 ANALYSIS OF A SUDDEN THREE-PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT 371

8-5 TRANSIENT POWER-ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS 379

8-6 EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL ROTOR CIRCUITS 382

8-7 MODELS OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES FOR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 386

8-8 SYNCHRONOUS-MACHINE DYNAMICS 390

8-9 SUMMARY 398

PROBLEMS 399

9 Polyphase Induction Machines 409

9-1 INTRODUCTION TO POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINES 409

9-2 CURRENTS AND FLUXES IN INDUCTION MACHINES 413

9-3 THE INDUCTION-MOTOR EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 416

9-4 ANALYSIS OF THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 420

9-5 TORQUE AND POWER BY USE OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM 424

9-6 PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS FROM NO-LOAD AND BLOCKED-ROTOR TESTS 429

9-7 SUMMARY 435

PROBLEMS 436

10 Polyphase-Induction-Machine Dynamics and Control 443

10-1 EFFECTS OF ROTOR RESISTANCE；DOUBLE-SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTORS 444

10-2 INDUCTION-MACHINE DYNAMICS 452

10-3 SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTORS 455

10-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS IN INDUCTION MACHINES 459

10-5 APPLICATION OF ADJUSTABLE-SPEED SOLID-STATE AC MOTOR DRIVES 463

10-6 SUMMARY 469

PROBLEMS 469

11 Fractional-Horsepower AC Motors 479

11-1 SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS：QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION 480

11-2 STARTING AND RUNNING PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 483

11-3 REVOLVING-FIELD THEORY OF SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS 491

11-4 UNBALANCED OPERATION OF SYMMETRICAL TWO-PHASE MACHINES；THE SYMMETRICAL-COMPONENT CONCEPT 498

11-5 TWO-PHASE CONTROL MOTORS 503

11-6 SERIES UNIVERSAL MOTORS 507

11-7 STEPPER MOTORS 508

11-8 AC TACHOMETERS 512

11-9 SYNCHROS AND CONTROL TRANSFORMERS 514

11-10 SUMMARY 518

PROBLEMS 519

Appendix A Three-Phase Circuits 525

A-1 GENERATION OF THREE-PHASE VOLTAGES 526

A-2 THREE-PHASE VOLTAGES，CURRENTS，AND POWER 528

A-3 Y-AND Δ-CONNECTED CIRCUITS 532

A-4 ANALYSIS OF BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS；SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAMS 539

A-5 OTHER POLYPHASE SYSTEMS 541

Appendix B Voltages，Magnetic Fields，and Inductances of Distributed AC Windings 543

B-1 GENERATED VOLTAGES 543

B-2 ARMATURE-MMF WAVES 550

B-3 AIR-GAP INDUCTANCES OF DISTRIBUTED WINDINGS 553

Appendix C Table of Constants and Conversion Factors for SI Units 557

Index 559