ENGLISH GRAMMARPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION:THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1

1．Origin and Spread 3

2．Periods 4

PART ONE:THE PARTS OF SPEECH 7

The Noun 8

3．Definition 11

4．Classification 11

5．Common Noun Used as a Proper Noun 12

6．Proper Noun Used as a Common Noun 12

7．Compound Nouns and Derivative Nouns 12

The Pronoun 13

8．Definition 13

9．Classification 13

The Adjective 18

10．Definition 18

11．Classification 18

12．Compound Adjectives and Derivative Adjectives 19

13．Classes of Limiting Adjectives 19

The Verb 22

14．Definition 22

15．Classification 22

16．Compound Verbs 23

The Adverb 24

17．Definition 24

18．Classification 24

The Preposition 27

19．Definition and Function 27

20．Inflectional Prepositions 28

The Conjunction 29

21．Definition 29

22．Classification 29

The Interjection 30

23．Definition 30

PART TWO:AOCIDENCE 31

Inflection of Nouns 32

24．Number 36

25．Case 41

26．Gender 43

Inflection of Pronouns 44

27．Case 44

28．Personal Pronouns 44

29．Reflexive Pronouns 45

30．Reciprocal Pronouns 45

31．Relative Pronouns 45

32．Indefinite Pronouns 47

33．Interrogative Pronouns 48

34．Limiting Adjectives Used as Pronouns 49

Inflection of Adjectives 51

35．Older and Modern Usage 51

Inflection of Verbs 52

36．Voice 52

37．Mood 54

38．Tense 55

39．Aspect 55

40．Number and Person 56

41．Formation of the Present Tense 57

42．Formation of the Past Tense 64

43．Formation of the Compound Tenses 77

44．Full,Inflection of the Active Verb 80

45．Full Inflection of the Passive Verb 84

Inflection of Adverbs 87

46．Forms 87

Uninflected Parts of Speech 87

47．Prepositions,Conjunctions,and Interjections 87

PART THREE:SYNTAX OF THE SENTENGE 89

Ⅰ．THE SIMPLE SENTENGE,ITS KINDS AND PARTS 89

Kinds of Sentences 90

48．Classification 97

Essential Elements of a Sentence 90

49．Subject and Predicate 98

50．Forms of the Subject 98

51．Use of Pronominal Subjects 99

52．Omission of Subject 101

53．Forms of the Predicate 102

54．Predicate Complement 110

55．Agreement between Subject and Predicate 115

Subordinate Elements of a Sentence 120

56．Attributive Adjectives and Participles 121

57．Attributive Genitive 124

58．An Appositive as Modifier of a Noun 129

59．A Prepositional Phrase as Modifier of a Noun 131

60．An Infinitive as Modifier of a Noun 132

61．An Adverb as Modifier of a Noun 132

62．A Clause as Modifier of a Noun 132

63．Accusative Object 132

64．Dative Object 135

65．Genitive Object 137

66．Prepositional Object 137

67．Double Object or Object with Its Objective Predicate 138

68．Form of the Positive 142

69．Comparison of Adverbs 145

70．Sentence Adverbs 146

Independent Elements of a Sentence 149

71．Interjections 149

72．Direct Address 149

73．Absolute Nominative 149

74．Absolute Participles 151

Ⅱ．CLASSES OF SENTENCES 152

The Compound Sentence 152

75．Structure and Connectives 152

The Complex Sentence:Subordinate Clauses 156

76．Classification by Form and Function 156

77．Subject Clause 158

78．Predicate Clause 161

79．Attributive Substantive Clause 162

80．Attributive Adjective Clause 163

81．Dative Clause 172

82．Accusative Clause after Verbs 172

83．Accusative Clause affter Prepositions 175

84．Clause of Place 177

85．Clause of Time 178

86．Clause of Manner 179

87．Clause of Degree 183

88．Clause of Cause 187

89．Clause of Condition or Exception 189

90．Clause of Concession 193

91．Clause of Purpose 197

92．Clause of Means 198

PART FOUR:SYNTAX OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH 201

Syntax of Nouns 202

93．Case 206

94．Number 206

95．Gender 209

Syntax of Pronouns 202

96．Personal Pronouns 213

97．Reflexive Pronouns 214

98．Reciprocal Pronouns 214

99．Relative Pronouns 215

100．Interrogative Pronouns 215

101．Indefinite Pronouns 215

Syntax of Adjectives 215

102．Functions 215

103．Substantive Form of Adjectives 216

104．Comparison of Adjectives 219

105．Intensifying Adjectives 225

106．The Definite Article 226

107．The Indefinite Article 228

108．Descriptive Adjectives Used as Nouns 229

Syntax of Verbs 231

109．Active Voice 231

110．Passive Voice 233

111．Classes of the Subjunctive 234

112．Use of the Tenses in the Subjunctive 234

113．Subjunctive Form 235

114．Optative Subjunctive 236

115．Potential Subjunctive 241

116．Forms of the Imperative 249

117．Tenses of the Imperative 251

118．Sequence of Tenses 252

119．Tenses of the Indicative 253

120．Terminate and Progressive Aspects 259

121．Point-Action Aspect 262

122．The Participle 265

123．The Infinitive 267

124．The Gerund 276

125．Infinite Predication 280

Syntax of Prepositions 282

126．Nature and Functions 282

127．List of Prepositions 282

128．Omission of Prepositions 284

129．Contraction of＂On＂to＂A＂ 284

130．＂Onto,＂＂Into＂ 284

131．Preposition at End of Clause or Sentence 284

132．Prepositional Adverbs 285