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CHAPTER Ⅰ CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES 21

Acute Cardiac Failure 21

Arrhythmias 25

Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia 25

Heart Block 28

Auricular Fibrillation 29

Auricular Flutter 29

Vontricular Tachycardia 29

Acute Circulatory Arrest 30

Severe Paroxysmal Dyspnea 31

Pericardial Effusion 31

Trauma 32

Arterial Embolism and Thrombosis 32

Cerebral Thrombosis in Congential Heart Disorders 34

CHAPTER Ⅱ METABOLIC EMERGENCIES 36

Surface Area and Parenteral Solutions 36

Dehydration 38

Dehydration With Little Loss of Electrolytes 39

Hypertonic Dehydration(Hyperelectrolytemia) 40

Hypotonic Dehydration(Hypoelectrolytemia) 40

Overhydration(Water Intoxication) 41

Acidosis and Alkalosis 42

Electrolyte Disturbances 43

Hypocalcemia(Tetany) 43

Hypercalcemia 45

Hypokalemia(Hypopotassemia) 45

Hyperkalemia(Hyperpotassemia) 46

Sodium 46

Hypernatremia 46

Hyponatremia 47

Chloride 48

Hyperchloremia 48

Hypochloremia 48

Vomiting 48

Diarrhea 50

Diabetic Acidosis and Coma 54

Dangers of Parenteral Therapy 60

CHAPTER Ⅲ GENITOURINARY EMERGENCIES 62

Cessation of Micturition(Including Uremia) 62

Urinary Retention 62

Anuria and Oliguria;Uremia 64

Hematuria 68

Total Hematuria 69

Injuries 70

Kidney 70

Bladder 72

Urethra 73

Penis 74

Scrotum 75

Testis 75

Mass in Abdomen 76

Unilateral 76

Wilms＇Tumor 76

Hydronephrosis 77

Neuroblastoma of Adrenal 78

Hepatomas and Retroperitoneal Tumors 78

Bilateral 78

Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys 78

Low Midline 79

Acute Inflammatory Conditions 79

Miscellaneous Conditions 79

Foreign Bodies in Urethra or Bladder 79

Encircling Objects About the Penis 79

Phimosis 79

Paraphimosis 80

Neonatal Scrotal Edema 80

Torsion of the Testis 80

CHAPTER Ⅳ NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES 81

Convulsions 81

Craniocerebral Injuries(Head Injury) 93

Coma 101

Head Injury 101

Meningitis 101

Acute Encephalitis 113

Uremia 114

Diabetes and Hypoglycemia 114

Acute Infectious Diseases(Such as Brain Abscesses and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis 114

Poisons 114

Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Newborn 114

Subdural Hematoma 115

Extradural Hematoma 116

CHAPTER Ⅴ RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES 120

Group 120

Specific(Diphtheria) 120

Laryngotracheobronchitis 123

Asthma 127

Pneumonia 131

Foreign Bodies and Tumors 131

Angioneurotic Edema 132

Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane 132

Choanal Atresia 133

Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula 133

Acute Bronchiolitis(Pneumonitis)of Infancy 134

Massive Atelectasis 136

Mediastinal Emphysema 137

Pulmonary Edema 138

Pneumothorax 139

Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant 140

Smoke Inhalation 145

CHAPTER Ⅵ RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS 147

Paresis or Paralysis of Intercostals,Diaphragm,and/or Abdominals 147

Bulbar Poliomyelitis 150

Respiratory Paralysis in Poliomyelitis 150

CHAPTER Ⅶ CARE OF THE PREMATURE INFANT 158

Introduction 158

Care in the Nursery 162

CHAPTER Ⅷ MISCELLANEOUS EMERGENCIES 168

Bites 168

Snake Bites 168

Dog Bites 170

Human Bites 171

Insect Bites(Mosquitoes,Biting Flies,Fleas,Human Lice,Bedbugs,and Mites) 173

Ant Bites,Bee Stings(Apis Mellifica L),and Wasp Stings(Vespa Germanica) 174

Tick Bite 175

Black Widow Spider Bite(Lactrodectus Mactans) 176

Burns 177

Thermal Burn 177

Electric Shock 184

Eye Injuries 185

Traumatized Eye 185

Contusion 186

Foreign Bodies 186

Chemical Burns 186

Radiation Eye Injuries 187

Frostbite-or Tissue Necrosis Produced by Cold 187

Epistaxis 190

Toothache 192

Hiccough 193

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 194

Foreign Bodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Respiratory Tract 195

Acute Surgical Abdomen 196

Heat and Sun Cramps 196

Heat Exhaustion 197

Heatstroke and Sunstroke 198

Sunburn 199

Hemorrhage 200

Pediatric Anesthesia 203

Food in the Stomach 203

Secretions 203

Tracheotomy 204

Subglottic Edema 204

Respiratory Depression 205

Preoperative Medication and Preparations 205

Intraoperative and Postoperative Reactions Due to Blood Transfusion 208

Convulsions During Anesthesia 208

Circulatory Emergencies 209

Serum Reactions 209

Shock 210

Transfusion Reactions 214

Conditions Associated With Matching of Blood and Storage of Blood and Condition of Donor 214

Conditions Resulting From Transfusion Techniques Briefly Mentioned 217

CHAPTER Ⅸ PEDIATRIC PROCEDURES 221

Introduction 221

Antecubital Vein Puncture 223

External Jugular Vein Puncture 226

Femoral Vein Puncture 229

Internal Jugular Vein Puncture 229

Hand Vein Puncture 233

Scalp Vein Puncture 234

Cannulization Technique for Continuous Intravenous Medication 237

Hypodermoclysis 243

＂Push＂Clysis in Infants 243

Venoclysis 246

Constant Drip Venoclysis 246

Rapid Infusion or Pump Method 247

Gastric Lavage 250

Lumbar Puncture 251

Subdural Tap 252

Abdominal Paracentesis 257

Pericardial Paracentesis 258

Thoracentesis 259

Tracheotomy 262

Bone Marrow Puncture 265

Oxygen Therapy 270

Oxygen Tent 270

Open Top Oxygen Tent 272

Oropharyngeal Catheter 273

Aerosol Therapy 274

CHAPTER Ⅹ DROWNING 278

CHAPTER Ⅺ POISONING 290

Introduction 290

Immediate Management 291

Specific Management of Poisoning by Various Agents 297

Poisoning by Ingredients Found in Household Articles 297

Poisoning Due to Drugs 316

Food Poisoning 329

CHAPTER Ⅻ ACCIDENT AND POISON PREVENTION 331

APPENDIX APPENDIX 335