语言学 英文PDF电子书下载

SECTION 1

Survey 1

SECTION 2

In the beginning... 3

SECTION 3

1 Thenatureoflanguage 3

The design of language 4

SECTION 4

Animal communication 8

ContentsPreface 9

Human language：endowment or accomplishment？ 11

Author's preface 12

Language，mind，and social life 13

2 Thescopeoflinguistics 17

Experience and explanation 17

Models and maps 18

Dimensions of idealization 20

Langue and parole 21

Competence and performance 24

Knowledge and ability 27

3 Principles and levels of analysis 29

Type andtoken 29

Principles of classification 30

Dimensions of analysis 32

Levels of analysis 35

4 Areasofenquiry：focus on form 41

The patterns of sound：phonetics and phonology 41

Sound segments 42

？tress and intonation 43

Syllables 43

The construction of words：morphology 45

Derivation and inflection 46

The combination of words：syntax 48

Grammatical systems 49

Constituent structure 50

5 Areas of enquiry：focus on meaning 53

Meaning in language：semantics 53

The meaning of words 53

Semantic components 55

Sense relations 57

Words and phrases 60

Meaning in context：pragmatics 61

Reference，force，and effect 62

Context and schema 63

Negotiation of meaning 65

Relations between utterances 66

The scope of linguistics 69

6 Current issues 69

The data of linguistics 72

The relevance of linguistics 75

Readings 79

References 115

Glossary 125