大学物理简明教程 英文版 第1册 力学 热学PDF电子书下载

Part One Mechanics 1

Chapter 1 Kinematics 1

1-1 Frame of Reference Particle 1

1-2 Position Vector and Displacement 3

1-3 Velocity and Acceleration 5

1-4 Two Types of Problems in Kinematics Sample Problems 10

1-5 Circular Motion 14

1-6 Relative Motion 19

Summary 21

Questions 24

Problems 26

Chapter 2 Dynamics—Newton s Laws of Motion 30

2-1 Newton s Laws Force Inertial Reference Frame 30

2-2 General Properties of Forces in Mechanics 35

2-3 The Fundamental Forces of Nature 40

2-4 Fundamental Quantities and Units Dimensions 42

2-5 Applying Newton s Laws of Motion 45

Summary 53

Questions 55

Problems 57

Chapter 3 Work and Energy 61

3-1 Work 61

3-2 Kinetic Energy The Law of Kinetic Energy 65

3-3 Conservative Force and Potential Energy of Weight 67

3-4 Elastic Potential Energy and Universal Gravitational Potential Energy 70

3-5 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 72

3-6 The Conservation of Energy 74

Summary 79

Questions 81

Problems 82

Chapter 4 Momentum 86

4-1 Linear Momentum and Linear Impulse Momentum Theorem 86

4-2 Conservation of Momentum 89

4-3 Collision 92

4-4 Conservation of Angular Momentum of a Particle 97

Summary 100

Questions 103

Problems 104

5-1 Motion of a Rigid Body 109

Chapter 5 Rotation of a Rigid Body 109

5-2 Torque The Law of Rotation Rotational Inertia 112

5-3 Applying the Law of Rotation 118

5-4 Kinetic Energy and Work in Rotational Motion 122

5-5 Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Conservation of Angular Momentum 125

Summary 132

Questions 134

Problems 134

6-1 Essential Concepts of the Kinetic Theory of Gases 141

Chapter 6 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 141

Part Two Thermodynamics 141

6-2 State Parameters Equilibrium State Ideal Gas Law 143

6-3 The Representation of Pressure for Ideal Gas 146

6-4 The Average Translational Kinetic Energy and Temperature 150

6-5 The Equipartition Theorem of Energy 152

6-6 The Mean Free Path 156

6-7 The Maxwell Speed Distribution 159

6-8 The Boltzmann Distribution 163

Summary 167

Problems 171

Questions 171

Chapter 7 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 175

7-1 Internal Energy Heat and Work 175

7-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 177

7-3 Application of the First Law to Isochoric,Isobaric and Isothermal Processes 179

7-4 The Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 184

7-5 Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to Adiabatic Processes 188

7-6 Cyclical Processes Thermal Efficiency 191

7-7 Carnot Cycle Reverse Cycle 195

7-8 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 199

7-9 Reversible and Irreversible Process 201

7-10 Statistical Meaning of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 204

7-11 Entropy 207

Summary 212

Questions 217

Problems 218

Reading Material 223

Words 229

Appendices 234

Answers for Problems 237