非传统能源 英文版PDF电子书下载

1．Fundamentals of Energy—Science and Technology 1

1.1 Energy Consumption and Standard of Living 1

1.2 Oil Crisis of 1973 2

1.3 Clasification of Energy Resources 2

1.4 Consumption Trend of Primary Energy Resources 4

1.5 Importance of Non-Conventional Energy Sources 5

1.6 Energy Chain 5

1.7 Comon Forms of Energy 6

1.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Conventional Energy Sources 7

1.9 Salient Features of Non-Conventional Energy Sources 8

1.10 Environmental Aspects of Energy 8

1.11 Environment-Economy-Energy and Sustainable Development 13

1.12 Energy Densities(Heating values)of Various Fuels 14

1.13 World Energy Status 15

1.14 Energy Scenario in India 19

1.15 Applied Thermodynamics—a Review 27

Review Questions 43

Problem 44

Objective-type Questions 44

2．Energy Conservation 47

2.1 Salient Features of"Energy Conservation Act,2001" 49

2.2 Various Aspects of Energy Conservation 50

2.3 Principles of Energy Conservation 51

2.4 General Electrical ECO's(Energy Conservation Opportunities) 53

2.5 Cogeneration 54

2.6 Combined Cycle(Binary Cycle)Plants 57

Review Questions 60

Problem 60

Objective-type Questions 60

3．Energy Storage 62

3.1 Necesity of Energy Storage 62

3.2 Energy Storage Methods 63

Review Questions 79

Objective-type Questions 79

4．Solar Energy—Basics 82

4.1 The Sun as a Source of Energy 83

4.2 The Earth 83

4.3 Sun,Earth Radiation Spectrums 84

4.4 Extraterrestrial and Terrestrial Radiations 85

4.5 Spectral Energy Distribution of Solar Radiation 86

4.6 Depletion of Solar Radiation 86

4.7 Measurements of Solar Radiation 89

4.8 Solar Radiation Data 91

4.9 Solar Time(Local Apparent Time) 93

4.10 Solar Radiation Geometry 93

4.11 Solar Day Length 97

4.12 Empirical Equations for Estimating Solar Radiation Availability on Horizontal Surface for Cloudy Skies: 99

4.13 Hourly Global,Diffuse and Beam Radiations on Horizontal Surface Under Cloudless Skies 107

4.14 Solar Radiation on Inclined Plane Surface 109

Review Questions 112

Problems 113

Objective-type Questions 114

5．Solar Thermal Systems 116

5.1 Solar Collectors 116

5.2 Solar Water Heater 130

5.3 Solar Pasive Space-Heating and Cooling Systems 130

5.4 Solarind Ustrial Heating Systems 133

5.5 Solar Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems 134

5.6 Solar Cookers 137

5.7 Solar Furnaces 140

5.8 Solar Green House 141

5.9 Solar Dryer 145

5.10 Solar Distilation(or Desalination of Water) 146

5.11 Solar Thermo-Mechanical Systems 148

Review Questions 154

Objective-type Questions 155

6．Solar Photovoltaic Systems 158

6.1 Solar Cell Fundamentals 159

6.2 Solar Cell Characteristics 166

6.3 Solar Cell Classification 172

6.4 Solar Cell,Module,Panel and Array Construction 177

6.5 Maximizing the Solar PV Output and Load Matching 182

6.6 Maximum Power Point Tracker(MPPT) 182

6.7 Balance of System Components 185

6.8 Solar PV Systems 186

6.9 Solar PV Aplications 188

Review Questions 192

Problem 193

Objective-type Questions 193

7．Wind Energy 196

7.1 Origin of Winds 198

7.2 Nature of Winds 200

7.3 Wind Turbine Siting 204

7.4 Major Aplications of Wind Power 204

7.5 Basics of Fluid Mechanics 205

7.6 Wind Turbine Aerodynamics 208

7.7 Wind Turbine Types and Their Construction 218

7.8 Wind Energy Conversion Systems(WECS) 229

7.9 Wind-Diesel Hybrid System 232

7.10 Effects of Wind Speed and Grid Condition(System Integration) 233

7.11 Wind-Energy Storage 234

7.12 Environmental Aspects 234

7.13 Wind-Energy Programme in India 236

Review Questions 238

Problem 239

Objective-type Questions 240

8．Biomass Energy 242

8.1 Photosynthesis Process 243

8.2 Usable Forms of Biomass,their Composition and Fuel Properties 244

8.3 Biomass Resources 247

8.4 Biomass Conversion Technologies 249

8.5 Urban Waste to Energy Conversion 253

8.6 Biomass Gasification 255

8.7 Biomass Liquefaction 259

8.8 Biomass to Ethanol Production 259

8.9 Biogas Production from Waste Biomass 263

8.10 Energy Farming 277

8.11 Biomass Energy Programme in India(as on December 2007) 280

Review Questions 284

Problem 284

Objective-type Questions 285

9．Geothermal Energy 287

9.1 Applications 288

9.2 Origin and Distribution of Geothermal Energy 290

9.3 Types of Geothermal Resources 292

9.4 Analysis of Geothermal Resources 299

9.5 Exploration and Development of Geothermal Resources 305

9.6 Environmental Consideration 306

9.7 Geothermal Energy in India 307

Review Questions 308

Problem 309

Objective-type Questions 309

10．Ocean Energy 311

10.1 Tidal Energy 311

10.2 Wave Energy 321

10.3 Ocean Thermal Energy 331

Review Questions 336

Problem 336

Objective-type Questions 336

11．Small Hydro Resources 339

11.1 Advantages and disadvantages of Small Hydro Schemes 340

11.2 Layout of a Micro-Hydro Scheme 341

11.3 Water Turbines 344

11.4 Turbine Clasification,Characteristics and Selection 350

11.5 Generators 352

11.6 Present Status 357

Review Questions 357

Problem 358

Objective-type Questions 358

12．Emerging Technologies 360

12.1 Fuel Cell 360

12.2 Hydrogen Energy 379

Review Questions 389

Problem 390

Objective-type Questions 390

13．Miscellaneous Non-conventional Technologies 392

13.1 Magneto Hydrodynamic(MHD)Power Conversion 392

13.2 Thermoelectric Power Conversion 400

13.3 Thermionic Power Conversion 404

Review Questions 407

Problem 408

Objective-type Questions 408

14．Financial and Economic Evaluation 410

14.1 Basic Terms and Definitions 410

14.2 Calculations for the Case of Single Payment(or Receipt) 413

14.3 Calculations for Uniform Series of Payments(or Receipt) 415

14.4 Calculations for Uniform Gradient Series of Payments(or Receipt) 419

14.5 Calculations for Geometric Gradient Series of Payments(or Receipt) 421

14.6 Effect of Inflation on Cash Flows 423

14.7 Comparative Economic Evaluation of Alternatives 424

14.8 Effect of Depreciation and Tax on Cash Flows 433

Review Questions 436

Problem 436

Objective-type Questions 439

Appendix A 441

Appendix B 443

Appendix C 444

Appendix D 446

Appendix E 448

Appendix F 450

Index 451