翻译教程PDF电子书下载

Part I Principles 3

1 Introduction 3

2 The Analysis of a Text 11

Reading the text 11

The intention of the text 12

The intention of the translator 12

Text styles 13

The readership 13

Stylistic scales 14

Attitued 15

Setting 15

Connotations and denotations 16

The quality of the writing 16

The last reading 17

Conclusion 17

3 The process of Translation 19

Introduction 19

The relation of translatihg to translation theory 19

The approach 20

The textual level 22

The referential level 23

The cohesive level 23

The level of naturalness 24

Combining the four levels 29

The unit of translating 30

The translation of texts 32

The translation of proper names 35

Revision 36

Conclusion 37

4 Language Functions, Text-categories and Text-types 39

The expressive function 39

The informative function 40

The vocative function 41

The aesthetic function 42

The phatic function 43

The metalingual function 43

Introduction 45

The methods 45

5 Translation Methods 45

Comments on the methods 47

Equivalent effect 48

Methods and text-categories 50

Translating 51

Other methods 52

6 The Unit of Translation and Discourse Analysis 54

Introduction 54

Coherence 55

Titles 56

Dialogue cohesion 57

Punctuation 58

Sound-effects 58

Referential synonyms 59

Cohesion 59

Other connectives 60

Functional sentence perspective 60

Enumerators 60

Contrasts 63

The lower units of translation 65

Conclusion 66

7 Literal Translation 68

Introduction 68

Varieties of close translation 69

The translation of poetry 70

Faithful and false friends 72

Elegant variations 73

Words in their context 73

Back-translation of text（BTT） 74

Accepted translation 74

Constraints on literal translation 75

Natural translation 75

Re-creative translation 76

Literary translation 77

The sub-text 77

The notion of the no-equivalent word 78

The role of context 80

8 The Other Translation procedures 81

Transference 81

Cultural equivalent 82

Naturalisation 82

Functional equivalent 83

Descriptive equivalent 83

Synonymy 84

Through-translatioin 84

Shifts or transpositions 85

Modulation 88

Recognised translation 89

Reduction and expansion 90

Other procedures 90

Paraphrase 90

Componential analysis 90

Compensation 90

Translation label 90

Couplets 91

Notes, additions,glosses 91

9 Translation and Culture 94

Definitions 95

Cultural categories 96

General considerations 97

Ecology 97

Material culture 97

Social culture 98

Social organisation-political and administrative 99

Gestures and habits 102

Summary of procedures 103

10 The Translation of Metaphors 104

Definitions 106

Translating metaphors 106

Types of metaphor 106

11 The Use of Componenlial Analysis in Translation 114

Introduction 114

Lexical words 117

Cultural words 119

Synonyms 120

Sets and series 121

Conceptual terms 121

Neologisms 122

Conclusion 123

Words as myths 123

12 The Application of Case Grammar to Translation 125

Introduction 125

The translation of missing verbs,i,e,verbal force 126

The translation of case-gaps 129

Various types of case-partner 132

Contrast and choice in translation 134

Some related issues 135

Case partners of adjectives and nouns 136

A remark on Tesnière 138

Conclusion 138

13 The Translation of Neologisms 140

Introduction 140

Old words with new senses 141

New coinages 142

Derived words 143

Abbreviations 145

Collocations 145

Eponyms 146

Phrasal words 147

Transferred words 147

Acronyms 148

Pseudo-neologisms 148

The creation of neologisms 149

A frame of reference of the translation of neologisms 150

Technical style 151

Introduction 151

14 Technical Translation 151

Terms 152

Varieties of technical style 152

Technical and descriptive terms 153

Beginning technical translation 154

Translation method 155

The title 156

Going through the text 158

Conclusion 160

Appendix: sample test 161

15 The Translation of Serious Literature and Authoritative Statements 162

Introduction 162

Poetry 162

The short story/novel 170

Drama 172

Conclusion 173

16 Reference Books and their Uses; Tracing the Unfindable Word 174

Introduction 174

Resources 175

Unfindable words 176

17 Translation Criticism 184

Introduction 184

Plan of criticism 186

Text analysis 186

The translator s purpose 186

Comparing the translation with the original 187

The evaluation of the translation 188

The translation s future 189

Marking a translation 189

Quality in translation 192

18 Shorter Items 193

Words and context 193

The translation of dialect 194

You and the Computer 195

Function and description 198

The translation of eponyms and acronyms 198

Familiar alternative terms 201

When and how to improve a text 204

Collocations 212

The translation of proper mames 214

The translation of puns 217

The translation of weights, measures, quantities and currencies 217

Ambiguity 218

19 Revision Hints for Exams and Deadlines 221

20 By Way of a Conclusion 225

Part ⅡMethods 229

Introductory note 229

Text 1 Power needs clear eyes ,The Economist 231

Text 2 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ,British Medical fournal 234

Text 3 Brideshead Revisited（Waugh） 238

Text 4 Une certaine idée de la France （De Gaulle） 242

Text 5 Le Parti Socialiste （Source unknown） 245

Text 6 A la Recherche du Temps Perdu（Prouse） 248

Text 7 Présentation d un cas de toxoplasmose ,Bordeaux Médical 250

Text 8 Dialysebehandlung bei akutem Nierenversagen ,Deulsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 254

Text 9 Alexander von Humboldt（Hein） 259

Text 10 L Adoration（Borel） 264

Text 11 Die Blasse Anna（B?ll） 267

Text 12 La Société Francaise （Dupeux） 272

Text 13 Zum Whole aller ,SCALA 277

Glossary 282

Abbreviations 286

Medical terminology 288

Bibliography 289

Name index 291

Subject index 292