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A Course Description of American Literature 1

A Brief Introduction of American Literature 3

Part One Colonial Period and Early American Literature（1620-1800） 13

Chapter1 The Planters and the Puritans 13

Background Information 13

1.1 Captain John Smith 15

From The Generall Historie 16

Captain Smith Among the Indians 16

1.2 William Bradford 20

From The Pilgrims Meet the Indians 20

1.3 Edward Taylor 22

The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended 23

Chapter2 The Founders of the Nation 25

Background Information 25

2.1 Benjamin Franklin 27

From The Whistle 29

A Receipt to Make a New England Funeral Elegy 30

From The Way to Wealth 31

2.2 Thomas Paine 33

From Common Sense 34

2.3 Thomas Jefferson 38

The Declaration of Independence 39

Part Two The Romantic Period（1780-1860） 47

Chapter 3 The New National Literature 47

Background Information 47

3.1 Washington Irving 49

The Devil and Tom Walker 52

3.2 James Fenimore Cooper 63

An Overview of The Deerslayer 65

From The Deerslayer 65

3.3 William Cullen Bryant 76

Thanatopsis 78

To a Waterfowl 81

3.4 Edgar Allan Poe 83

The Masque of the Red Death 85

Annabel Lee 91

To Helen 93

Chapter 4 The Transcendentalism 95

Background Information 95

Transcendentalism 96

4.1 Ralph Waldo Emerson 98

From Self-Reliance 100

The Rhodora 105

4.2 Henry David Thoreau 107

An Overview of Walden 109

From Walden 110

Where I Lived，and What I Lived for 110

4.3 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 123

The Arsenal at Sprinfield 125

The Tide Rises，the Tide Falls 127

Nature 127

The Sound of the Sea 128

4.4 Nathaniel Hawthorne 129

The Maypole of Merry Mount 131

An Overview of The Scarlet Letter 142

The Summary of Chapter 12 144

From The Scarlet Letter Chapter 12 144

The Minister’s Vigil 144

Part Three The Age of Realism（1860-1910） 157

Chapter 5 The Conflict between North and South 157

Background Information 157

5.1 Walt Whitman 163

Young Grimes 165

From Song of Myself 167

Cavalry Crossing a Ford 168

5.2 Abraham Lincoln 169

Second Inaugural Address，March 4，1865 170

5.3 Emily Dickinson 172

I Like to See It Lap the Miles 174

I’ll Tell You How the Sun Rose 175

Because I Could Not Stop for Death 176

5.4 Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe 177

An Overveiew of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 179

The Summary of Chapter 12 182

From Uncle Tom’s Cabin Chapter 12 182

Select Incident of Lawful Trade 182

Chapter 6 New American Outlooks 201

Background Information 201

6.1 Mark Twain 207

From Life on the Mississippi 210

The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 213

An Overview of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 219

The Summary of Chapter 31 220

From The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Chapter 31 220

6.2 Henry James 229

An Overview of The Portrait of a Lady 232

The Summary of Chapter 7 235

From The Portrait of a Lady Chapter 7 235

6.3 Stephen Crane 245

A Mystery of Heroism 246

6.4 Theodore Dreiser 255

An Overview of Sister Carrie 258

A Summary of Chapter 47 259

From Sister Carrie Chapter 47 259

The Way of the Beaten—A Harp in the Wind 259

Part Four Modern American Literature（1910-） 277

Chapter 7 American Literature after WWⅠ 277

Background Information 277

7.1 Ezra Pound 280

In a Station of the Metro 281

The River-Merchant’s Wife： A Letter 282

A Pact 284

7.2 Sherwood Anderson 284

From Winesburg ， Ohio 286

Sophistication 286

From Winesburg， Ohio 294

Mother 294

7.3 Robert Frost 301

Nothing Gold Can Stay 302

Fire and Ice 302

To a Young Wretch 303

Mending Wall 304

7.4 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald 306

An 0veveiew of The Great Gatsby 308

From The Great Gatsby Chapter 3 309

7.5 Ernest Hemingway 326

In Another Country 329

An Overview of A Farewell to Arms 334

From A Farewell to Arms Chapter 36 335

7.6 Eugene O Neill 341

An 0veveiew of The Hairy Ape 342

From The Hairy Ape SCENE Ⅰ 343

From The Hairy Ape SCENE Ⅲ 352

From The Hairy Ape SCENE Ⅷ 356

7.7 John Ernst Steinbeck 362

The Leader of the People 363

An Overview of The Grapes of Wrath 377

From The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 9 377

7.8 William Faulkner 382

The Bear 384

Chapter 8 American Literature after WWⅡ 401

Background Information 401

The War Novelists 402

The Southern Writers 402

The Jewish Writers 403

The Beat Generation and the Beat Writers 404

The Black Humor/Black Humorist 405

The Black Writers 406

The Feminist Writers 406

8.1 Saul Bellow 407

An Overview of The Adventures of Augie March 411

From The Adventures of Angie March Chapter 21 411

8.2 Norman Mailer 417

From “The White Negro”2 421

From “The White Negro” 4 423

An Overview of The Armies of the Night 424

From The Armies of the Night 424

Part 6—A Transfer of Power 424

8.3 J.D.Salinger 429

An 0veveiew of The Catcher in the Rye 431

From The Catcher in the Rye Chapter 22 434

From The Catcher in the Rye Chapter 24 440

8.4 Joseph Heller 452

An Overview of Catch-22 454

From Catch-22 Chapter 40 455

From Catch-22 Chapter 42 464

8.5 The Black Writers 478

Background Information 478

Langston Hughes 481

Negro Speaks of Rivers 484

Richard Wright 485

From Black Boy 487

James Baldwin 489

An Overview of Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone 491

From Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone 492

8.6 The Southern Writers 494

Background Information 494

Robert Penn Warren 495

Infant Boy at Midcentury 498

Truman Capote 500

From In Cold Blood 502

Flannery O’Connor 504

An Overview of A Good Man is Hard to Find 505

From A Good Man Is Hard to Find 505

8.7 The Jewish Writers 507

Isaac Bashevis Singer 508

Gimpel the Fool 509

The Son from America 522

8.8 The Feminist Writers 529

Sylvia Plath 529

Words 530

Daddy 531

Alice Walker 535

Everyday Use 537

For Your Grandmama 537

Appendix Ⅰ A Chronology of American Literature and Life 546

Appendix Ⅱ Literary Terms 552

Appendix Ⅲ Suggested Answers to the Questions 576

Appendix Ⅳ Tests 623

Appendix Ⅴ 试卷参考答案 666

Appendix Ⅵ Bibliography 671