国际旅游与文化PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 What makes a place a tourist attractionKey terms and words 1

Tourism and geography 1

The elements of geography 3

What makes a location a tourist destination 7

Review questions 28

Questions for your research 29

Internet web sites 29

Chapter 2 Factors influencing international tourist flowsKey terms and words 30

Tourism demand and tourism supply 31

Push factors 31

Pull factors 45

Review questions 53

Questions for your research 54

Internet web sites 55

Chapter 3 Structure of world tourismKey terms and words 56

Types of tourism organizations 57

Important tourism and tourism-related organizations 58

Structure of world tourism 63

Overview 2002,2003,2004 66

Historical trends 74

Forecast:tourism in 2020 75

Review questions 76

Questions for your research 77

Internet web sites 78

Chapter 4 Themes in international tourismKey terms and words 82

Nature and wildlife tourism 83

Ethnic commodification 83

Adventure tourism 86

Cultural and heritage tourism 88

Religious pilgrimage 93

Urban tourism 96

Medical tourism 102

Ecotourism 103

Agritourism 104

Space tourism 105

Other themes 105

Review questions 110

Internet web sites 111

Questions for your research 111

Chapter 5 Tourism in AfricaKey terms and words 112

Africa subregions 113

Tourism characteristics 116

Tourist attractions 120

Culture capsule 129

Review questions 130

Questions for your research 131

Internet web sites 132

Chapter 6 Tourism in East Asia Pacific(1)Key terms and words 133

East Asia Pacific subregions(1) 134

Tourism characteristics 136

Tourist attractions 138

Culture capsule 152

Review questions 154

Questions for your research 156

Internet web sites 159

Chapter 7 Tourism in East Asia Pacific(2)Key terms and words 160

East Asia Pacific subregions(2) 161

Tourism characteristics 162

Tourist attractions 164

Culture capsule 176

Review questions 178

Questions for your research 179

Internet web sites 181

Chapter 8 Tourism in South AsiaKey terms and words 182

South Asia countries 183

Tourism characteristics 184

Tourist attractions 186

Culture capsule 193

Review questions 195

Questions for your research 197

Internet web sites 197

Chapter 9 Tourism in EuropeKey terms and words 198

Europe subregions 199

Tourism characteristics 201

Tourist attractions 203

Culture capsule 225

Review questions 226

Questions for your research 228

Internet web sites 229

Chapter 10 Tourism in the Middle EastKey terms and words 230

The Middle East countries 231

Tourism characteristics 232

Tourist attractions 234

Culturre capsule 241

Review questions 242

Questions for your research 243

Internet web sites 244

Chapter 11 Tourism in AmericasKey terms and words 245

Americas subregions 246

Tourism characteristics 248

Tourist attractions 250

Culture capsule 260

Review questions 262

Questions for your research 264

Internet web sites 265

Chapter 12 The impacts of international tourismKey terms and words 266

Economic impacts 267

Socio-cultural impacts 273

Environmental impacts 282

Review questions 288

Questions for your research 288

Internet web sites 290

Bibliography 291