现代英语词汇学教程PDF电子书下载

1 Introduction:Word,Vocabulary and Lexicology 1

1.1 The notion of'word' 1

1.1.1 Do words exist? 1

1.1.2 Bloomfield's definition of word 2

1.1.3 Characteristics of words 4

1.2 The organization of English vocabulary 5

1.2.1 The syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations 5

1.2.2 Word classes 7

1.2.3 Lexical fields 9

1.3 Lexicology and other levels of linguistic analysis 11

1.3.1 Lexicology and phonology 11

1.3.2 Lexis and grammar:two forms of patterning 12

1.3.3 Lexicology and semantics 14

1.4 Summary 15

Exercises 16

2 English Vocabulary:A Historical Perspective 18

2.1 The Indo-European language family 18

2.2 The English people and the English language 19

2.3 The development of English vocabulary 22

2.3.1 The Old English period 22

2.3.2 The Middle English period 24

2.3.3 Modern English period 26

2.4 Summary 30

Exercises 31

3 Borrowing as a Source of English Word-Stock 32

3.1 The size of English word-stock 32

3.2 The native words of the English language 33

3.3 Borrowing:an overview 35

3.4.1 Latin borrowings 36

3.4 Major sources of borrowing 36

3.4.2 Scandinavian influences 38

3.4.3 French loan words 39

3.4.4 Greek adoptions 41

3.5 Minor sources of borrowing 42

3.6 Influences of borrowings 43

3.7 Summary 44

Exercises 45

4 Major Processes of Word Formation 47

4.1 Morpheme,root and affix 47

4.2 Derivation and compounding 49

4.3 Prefixation 50

4.4 Suffixation 53

4.5.1 Basic features of compounds 56

4.5 Compounding 56

4.5.2 Classification of compounds 57

4.5.3 The syntax of compounds 59

4.6 Summary 62

Exercises 62

5 Minor Processes of Word Formation 63

5.1 Blending 63

5.2 Back-formation 65

5.3 Initialism 67

5.3.1 Abbreviation 67

5.3.2 Acronyms 68

5.4 Clipping 68

5.5 Aphesis 70

5.6 Analogy 70

5.7 Reduplication 71

5.6.1 Single words formed by analogy 71

5.6.2 Phrases formed by analogy 71

5.8 Words from proper names 72

5.8.1 Words from names of people 73

5.8.2 Words from names of places 73

5.8.3 Words from names of books 74

5.8.4 Words from trademarks 75

5.9 Summary 75

Exercise 76

6 Word Meaning and Meaning Relations 78

6.1 Conventionality versus motivation 78

6.2 Meanings of meaning 80

6.3 Four kinds of meaning 81

6.3.2 Denotation and sense 82

6.3.1 Denotation and reference 82

6.3.3 Denotation and connotation 83

6.4 Meaning relations 84

6.4.1 Synonymy 84

6.4.2 Antonymy 89

6.4.3 Hierarchical meaning relations—hyponymy and meronymy 93

6.5 Semantic field and componential analysis 96

6.6 Word meaning and context 96

6.6.1 Types of context 97

6.6.2 The role of context 99

6.7 Summary 103

Exercises 103

7.1 The OED model 105

7.1.1 Core vocabulary 105

7 Words in Use 105

7.2 The register model 107

7.2.1 Dialects 107

7.2.2 Diatypes 115

7.3 Summary 121

Exercises 122

8 Multi-word Lexical Units:Collocation,Lexical Phrase and Idiom 123

8.1 The research tradition of prefabricated language 123

8.2 Collocations 125

8.2.1 Meaning by collocation 125

8.2.2 The typology of collocations 126

8.2.3 Investigating lexis:corpus approach to collocations 127

8.3 Lexical phrases 129

8.3.1 The definition of lexical phrase 129

8.3.2 Functions of lexical phrases 130

8.3.3 Lexical phrases and language teaching 132

8.4 Idioms 133

8.4.1 The definition and main features of idioms 133

8.4.2 The categorization of idioms 134

8.4.3 The meaning of idioms 135

8.5 Implications of linguistic prefabrication 136

8.6 Summary 137

Exercises 138

Appendix 1 Common Prefixes 140

Appendix 2 Common Suffixes 143

Appendix 3 Common Roots 145

Appendix 4 Lexicology Terms(English-Chinese) 149

Key to Exercises 152

References 160