中国笔石PDF电子书下载

第一章　中国笔石研究简史&李积金 1

第二章 中国笔石带的划分及其与国外对比&李积金 倪寓南 3

第一节　下泥盆统笔石带的划分 3

第二节　志留系笔石带的划分 3

第三节　奥陶系笔石带的划分 8

第三章 中国奥陶纪地层分区及岩相生物相特征&穆恩之 李积金 15

第一节　华北区 15

第二节　华中区 15

第三节　江南区 17

第四节　华南区 18

第五节　藏滇区 20

第六节　西北区 20

第七节　北方区 22

第四章 中国奥陶纪笔石动物群类型及生物地理分区&穆恩之 李积金 24

第五章　笔石的演化和分类&李积金　林尧坤 葛梅钰 26

第一节　正笔石式树形笔石的演化和分类&林尧坤 26

第二节　正笔石的演化和分类&李积金　葛梅钰 28

第六章 系统描述&林尧坤 葛梅钰 李积金　倪寓南 33

第一节　树形笔石目Dendroidea Nicholson,1872,emend.Bulman,1938&林尧坤 33

树形笔石亚目Dendroidina Nicholson,1872 33

树笔石科Dendrograptidae Roemerin Frech,1897 33

树笔石亚科Dendrograptinae Roemerin Frech,1897,emend.Mu,1953 33

树笔石属Dendrograptus Hall,1858 33

羽笔石属Ptilograptus Hll,1865 48

无羽笔石亚科Callograptinae Mu,1953 52

持握笔石属Airograptus Ruedemann,1916,emend.Mu,1955 52

无羽笔石属Callograptus Hall,1865 54

盾笔石属Aspidograptus Bulman,1934 70

绞结笔石属Desmograptus Hopkinson,1875 71

群扇笔石属Syrrhipidograptus Poulsen,1924 72

网格笔石亚科Dictyoneminae Mu,1953 73

网格笔石属Dictyonema Hall,1851 73

异笔石属Heterograptus Zhao and Zhang in Lin,1986 96

辐射笔石属Radiograptus(Lapworth MS.)Bulman,1950 98

刺笔石科Acanthograptidae Bulman,1938 99

刺笔石属Acanthograptus Spencer,1878 99

帚笔石属Koremagraptus Bulman,1927 103

芽笔石属Thallograptus Ruedemann,1925 103

毛茎笔石科Inocaulidae Ruedemann,1947 105

毛茎笔石属Inocaulis Hall,1852 105

毛发笔石属Medusaegraptus Ruedemann,1925 106

湖南笔石属Hunanodendrum Mu et al.,1974 109

罗网笔石科Nephelograptidae Bou？ek,1957 110

罗网笔石属Nephelograptus Ruedemann,1947 110

荆棘笔石属Cactograptus Ruedemann,1908 111

正笔石式树形笔石亚目Graptodendroidina Mu and Lin,1981 112

反称笔石科Anisograptidae Bulman,1950,emend.Mu,1974 114

十字笔石亚科Staurograptinae Mu,1974 114

十字笔石属Staurograptus Emmons,1855 114

磨棍笔石属Aletograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya,1962 120

反称笔石亚科Anisograptinae Bulman,1950 121

反称笔石属Anisograptus Ruedemann,1937 121

苔藓笔石属Bryograptus Lapworth,1880 129

三笔石属Triograptus Monsen,1925 134

匿笔石亚科Adelograptinae Mu,1974 135

匿笔石属Adelograptus Bulman,1941 135

枝笔石属Clonograptus Hall and Nicholson,1873 142

开氏笔石属Kiaerograptus Spjeldnaes,1963 154

穆恩之笔石科Muenzhigraptidae Zhao and Zhang,1985 157

穆恩之笔石属Muenzhigraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985 158

浑江笔石属Hunjiangograptus Zhao and Zhang,1985 160

双型笔石属Diphygraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985 160

戟笔石科Psigraptidae Lin,1981,emend.Zhao and Zhang,1985 161

全戟笔石属Holopsigraptus Zhao and Zhang,1985 162

育空笔石属Yukonograptus Lin,1981,emend.Zhao and Zhang,1985 163

戟笔石属Psigraptus Jackson,1967,emend.Lin,1981 164

第二节　管笔石目Tuboidea Kozlowski,1938&林尧坤 166

管树笔石科Tubidendridae Kozlowski,1949 166

交织笔石属Reticulograptus Wiman,1901(=Multitubus Skevington,1963)emend.Bulman and Rickards,1966 166

奇管笔石科Idiotubidae Kozlowski,1949 168

树管笔石属Dendrotubus Kozlowski,1949 168

盔笔石属Galeograptus Wiman,1901 169

第三节 目科分类位置未定Taxonomic position uncertain of order and family&林尧坤 170

柔弱笔石属Chaunograptus Hall,1879 170

简单笔石属Haplograptus Ruedemann,1933 171

西伯利亚笔石属Siberiograptus Obut,1963 172

缠绕笔石属Strophograptus Ruedemann,1904 173

第四节　正笔石目Graptoloidea Lapworth,1875&葛梅钰　李积金　倪寓南 174

对笔石亚目Didymograptina Lapworth,1880&葛梅钰 李积金 174

对笔石超科Didymograptacea Mu,1950,emend.herein&葛梅钰 174

四笔石科Tetragraptidae Mu,1950,emend.herein 175

四笔石亚科Tetragraptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein 175

四笔石属Tetragraptus Salter,1863 176

假四笔石属Pseudotetragraptus Hsü and Chao,1976,emend.herein 196

稀奇笔石属Perissograptus Williams and Stevens,1988 198

下垂笔石属Pendeograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1951 199

裂隙笔石亚科（新亚科）Schizograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.) 201

裂隙笔石属Schizograptus Nicholson,1876(=Trochograptus Holm,1881) 202

全笔石属Holograptus Holm,1881 204

均分笔石亚科Dichograptinae Lapworth,1873,emend.herein 204

均分笔石属Dichograptus Salter,1863,emend.herein 205

劳氏笔石属Loganograptus Hall,1868 211

直均分笔石属Orthodichograptus Thomas,1972 214

三叉笔石属Tridensigraptus Zhao,1964,emend.herein 216

假均分笔石属Pseudodichograptus Chu,1965,emend.herein 217

假劳氏笔石属Pseudologanograptus Hsü and Chao,1976 218

棱笔石亚科Goniograptinae Yu and Fang,1979 219

棱笔石属Goniograptus M'Coy,1876 219

？前棱笔石属？Praegoniograptus Rickards and Chapman,1991 223

腕笔石属Brachiograptus Harris and Keble,1932 224

江南笔石属Jiangnanograptus Xiao and H.Y.Chen,1990,emend.herein 225

肯乃笔石科Kinnegraptidae Mu,1974 226

肯乃笔石属Kinnegraptus Skoglund,1961 227

武宁笔石属Wuninograptus Ni,1981 227

对笔石科Didymograptidae Mu,1950,emend.herein 228

对笔石亚科Didymograptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein 229

对笔石属Didymograptus M'Coy,1851 229

笛笔石属Aulograptus Skevington,1965 311

拟笛笔石属Paraulograptus Bou？ek,1973 312

侯氏笔石属Holmograptus Kozlowski,1954 313

反常笔石属Atopograptus Harris,1926 314

奇笔石属Allograptus Mu,1957,emend.herein 315

拟态笔石亚科（新亚科）Mimograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.) 316

拟态笔石属Mimograptus Harris and Thomas,1940(=Taishano-graptus Li and Ge,1987=Kstaugraptus Tsaj,1973) 316

头发笔石属Trichograptus Nicholson,1876 318

垂柳笔石属Pendeosalicograptus Jiao,1981 319

联笔石亚科（新亚科）Zygograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.) 321

联笔石属Zygograptus Harris and Thomas,1941(=Laxograptus Cooper and Fortey,1982) 321

翼笔石亚科Pterograptinae Mu,1950,emend.herein 323

翼笔石属Pterograptus Holm,1881,emend.herein(=Pseudo-bryograptus Mu,1957) 324

弯笔石属Sigmagraptus Ruedemann,1904,emend.Cooper and Fortey,1982(=Hemigoniograptus Jin and Wang,1977) 329

玉山笔石属Yushanograptus Chen,Sun and Han,1964 330

宁夏笔石科（新科）Ningxiagraptidae Ge(fam.nov.) 331

宁夏笔石属（新属）Ningxiagraptus Ge(gen.nov.) 331

对向笔石属Janograptus Tullberg,1880 333

假对向笔石属Pseudojanograptus Hsü and Chao,1976,emend.herein 337

拟对笔石科Paradidymograptidae Wang,1975,emend.herein 338

拟对笔石属Paradidymograptus Mu,Geh and J.X.Yin,1962 338

中国笔石科Sinograptidae Mu,1957 340

中国笔石属Sinograptus Mu,1957 341

瘤笔石属Tylograptus Mu,1957 342

断笔石科Azygograptidae Mu,1950 347

断笔石属Azygograptus Nicholson and Lapworth,1875 347

吉首笔石属Jishougraptus Ge,1988 351

尼氏笔石属Nicholsonograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1951,emend.herein 352

假断笔石属Pseudazygograptus Mu,Lee and Geh,1960 355

中国断笔石属Sinazygograptus Wang and Wu,1977 358

等称笔石科Isograptidae Harris,1933 359

等称笔石属Isograptus Moberg,1892 359

柯坪笔石科Kalpinograptidae Qiao,1977,emend.herein 368

柯坪笔石属Kalpinograptus Qiao,1977(=Apoglossograptus Finney,1978) 369

假等称笔石属Pseudisograptus Beavis,1972 371

曲笔石属Maeandrograptus Moberg,1892 379

娇笔石科Abrograptidae Mu,1958 380

娇笔石属Abrograptus Mu,1958 380

双线笔石属Dinemagraptus Kozlowski,1951 381

拟娇笔石属Parabrograptus Mu and Qiao,1962 382

原娇笔石属Protabrograptus Ni,1981,emend.herein 383

丝笔石科Nemagraptidae Lapworth,1873(ex Hopkinson MS.) 383

纤笔石亚科Leptograptinae Mu,1950 383

纤笔石属Leptograptus Lapworth,1873 383

丝笔石亚科Nemagraptinae Lapworth,1873 390

丝笔石属Nemagraptus Emmons,1855 390

偶笔石属Amphigraptus Lapworth,1873 397

孪笔石属Syndyograptus Ruedemann,1908 398

肋笔石属Pleurograptus Nicholson,1867 399

双头笔石科Dicranograptidae Lapworth,1873 401

双头笔石亚科Dicranograptinae Lapworth,1873 401

双头笔石属Dicranograptus Hall,1865(=Neodicellograptus Mu and Wang,1977) 401

叉笔石亚科（新亚科）Dicellograptinae Ge(subfam.nov.) 412

叉笔石属Dicellograptus Hopkinson,1871 412

双角笔石属Diceratograptus Mu,1963 432

江西笔石属Jiangxigraptus Yu and Fang,1966,emend.herein 434

棠垭笔石亚科Tangyagraptinae Mu,1963 436

棠垭笔石属Tangyagraptus Mu,1963 436

斜靠笔石科（新科）Incumbograptidae Ge(fam.nov.) 437

斜靠笔石属（新属）Incumbograptus Ge(gen.nov.) 437

隐蔽笔石属（新属）Aclistograptus Ge(gen.nov.) 439

偏斜笔石属（新属）Deflexigraptus Ge(gen.nov.) 443

科分类位置未定Taxonomic position uncertain of family 444

江山笔石属Jiangshanites Mu and Qiao,1962 444

切笔石属Temnograptus Nicholson,1876 445

灌木笔石属Thamnograptus Hall,1859 446

舌笔石超科Glossograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金　葛梅钰 447

叶笔石科Phyllograptidae Lapworth,1873&李积金 447

叶笔石属Phyllograptus Hall,1858 447

假叶笔石属Pseudophyllograptus Cooper and Fortey,1982 455

假三角笔石属Pseudotrigonograptus Mu and Lee,1958(=Trigono-graptus Nicholson,1869=Tristichograptus Jackson and Bulman,1970) 457

心笔石科Cardiograptidae Mu and Zhang,1966 459

原肿笔石属Proncograptus Xiao,Xia and Wang,1985 459

肿笔石属Oncograptus T.S.Hall,1914 460

原心笔石属Procardiograptus Xiao,Xia and Wang,1985 462

心笔石属Cardiograptus Harris and Keble in Harris,1916 462

拟心笔石属Paracardiograptus Mu and Lee,1958 466

舌笔石科Glossograptidae Lapworth,1873 467

梨笔石属Apiograptus Cooper and McLaurin,1974 467

伯格斯特龙笔石属Bergstroemograptus Finney and Chen,1984 468

影笔石属Skiagraptus Harris,1933 469

隐笔石属Cryptograptus Lapworth,1880 470

棒笔石属Corynoides Nicholson,1867&葛梅钰 475

舌笔石属Glossograptus Emmons,1855&李积金 478

拟舌笔石属Paraglossograptus Mu in Hsü,1959 488

鱼叉笔石属Lonchograptus Tullberg,1880 491

双笔石亚目Diplograptina Lapworth,1880,emend.Bulman,1970&李积金　倪寓南 葛梅钰 491

双笔石超科Diplograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金 491

双笔石科Diplograptidae Lapworth,1873 491

双笔石亚科Diplograptinae Lapworth,1873 491

双笔石属Diplograptus M'Coy,1850(=Mesograptus Elles and Wood,1907) 492

围笔石属Amplexograptus Elles and Wood,1907 525

假围笔石属Pseudamplexograptus Mitchell,1987 536

膝笔石属Geniculograptus Mitchell,1987 537

始雕笔石亚科Eoglyptograptinae Mitchell,1987 540

始雕笔石属Eoglyptograptus Mitchell,1987 541

鄂西笔石属Exigraptus Mu in Mu et al.,1979 542

波曲笔石属Undulograptus Bou？ek,1973 544

雕笔石亚科Glyptograptinae Mitchell,1987 550

雕笔石属Glyptograptus Lapworth,1873 550

斜栅笔石属Clinoclimacograptus Bulman and Rickards,1968 590

次栅笔石属Metaclimacograptus Bulman and Rickards,1986 590

直笔石亚科Orthograptinae Mitchell,1987 594

直笔石属Orthograptus Lapworth,1873 594

赫斯特德笔石属Hustedograptus Mitchell,1987 616

栅笔石亚科Climacograptinae Frech,1897,emend.Mitchell,1987 619

栅笔石属Climacograptus Hall,1865 620

刀笔石属Ensigraptus Riva and Ketner,1989 666

良栅笔石属Euclimacograptus Riva,1989 667

附刺笔石属Appendispinograptus Li and Li,1985 668

双茎笔石属Dicaulograptus Rickards and Bulman,1965,emend.Finney,1985 676

纤胞笔石属（新属）Leptothecalograptus Li(gen.nov.) 677

假栅笔石属Pseudoclimacograptus Pribyl,1941 679

正常笔石亚科Normalograptinae Storch and Serpagli,1993 693

正常笔石属Normalograptus Legrand,1987(=Scalarigraptus Riva,1988),emend.Storch and Serpagli,1993 693

新双笔石属Neodiplograptus Legrand,1987 707

花瓣笔石亚科Petalolithinae Bulman,1955,emend.Li,1984 709

前直管笔石属Prorectograptus Li,1994 710

直管笔石属Rectograptus Pribyl,1949,emend.Li,1982 710

拟直笔石属Paraorthograptus Mu in Mu et al.,1974 728

花瓣笔石属Petalolithus Suess,185l 737

头笔石属Cephalograptus Hopkinson,1869 753

宋溪笔石属Songxigraptus Fang et al.,1990 754

尖笔石科Akidograptidae Li and Ge,1981 755

尖笔石属Akidograptus Davies,1929 755

拟尖笔石属Parakidograptus Li and Ge,1981 760

两形笔石科Dimorphograptidae Elles and Wood,1908 766

两形笔石属Dimorphograptus Lapworth,1876 766

布氏笔石属Bulmanograptus Pribyl,1948 770

针笔石属Rhaphidograptus Bulman,1936 775

毛笔石科Lasiograptidae Lapworth,1879 777

古毛笔石属Prolasiograptus Lee,1963 777

毛笔石属Lasiograptus Lapworth,1873 781

裸笔石属Gymnograptus Bulman(ex Tullberg MS.),1953 782

赫氏笔石属Hallograptus Lapworth,1876 783

脉笔石属Neurograptus Lapworth,1875 783

神笔石属Nymphograptus Elles and Wood,1908 784

罟笔石科Reteograptidae Mu,1974 784

罟笔石属Reteograptus Hall,1859 785

拟罟笔石属Pararetiograptus Mu,1974 787

假罟笔石属Pseudoreteograptus Mu,1993 789

直罟笔石属Orthoretiograptus Mu in Wang et al.,1977 790

中华罟笔石属Sinoretiograptus Mu,1974 791

细网笔石科Retiolitidae Lapworth,1873 791

细网笔石亚科Retiolitinae Lapworth,1873 791

细网笔石属Retiolites Barrande,1850 791

假细网笔石属Pseudoretiolites Bou？ek and Münch,1943 793

假绞笔石属Pseudoplegmatograptus Pribyl,1948 795

四川笔石属Sichuanograptus Zhao in Ye,1978 799

孔笔石属Stomatograptus Tullberg,1883 799

中华孔笔石属Sinostomatograptus Huo,1957 803

大巴山笔石亚科Dabashanograptinae Ge,1990 803

大巴山笔石属Dabashanograptus Ge,1990 803

古网笔石亚科Archiretiolitinae Bulman,1955,emend.Mu,1974 804

古网笔石属Archiretiolites Eisenack,1935 804

蛛网笔石属Arachniograptus Ross and Berry,1963 805

直网笔石属Orthoretiolites Whittington,1954 806

绞笔石属Plegmatograptus Elles and Wood,1908 806

拟绞笔石属Paraplegmatograptus Mu,1963 808

孙氏笔石属Sunigraptus Mu in Mu et al.,1993 812

尹氏笔石属Yinograptus Mu in Mu and Chen,1962 812

扬子笔石属Yangzigraptus Mu in Yang et al.,1983 814

辫笔石亚科Plectograptinae Bou？ek and Münch,1952&倪寓南 815

辫笔石属Plectograptus Moberg and T？rnquist,1909 815

单笔石超科Monograptacea Lapworth,1873&李积金　倪寓南　葛梅钰 816

单笔石科Monograptidae Lapworth,1873 816

原始笔石属Atavograptus Rickards,1974 816

锯笔石属Pristiograptus Jaekel,1889,emend.Frech,1897&李积金　倪寓南 817

波希米亚笔石属Bohemograptus Pribyl,1967&倪寓南 836

口刺笔石属Saetograptus Pribyl,1942 836

空腹笔石属Lagarograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya in Obut, 837

Sobolevskaya and Merkureva,1968,emend.Rickards,Hutt and Berry,1977&李积金 837

普利贝笔石属Pribylograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya,1966,emend.Rickards and Rushton,1968 838

普纳笔石属Pernerograptus Pribyl,1941 841

单笔石属Monograptus Geinitzi,1852&李积金　倪寓南 847

新单笔石属Neomonograptus Mu and Ni,1975&倪寓南 870

卷笔石属Streptograptus Yin,1937,emend.Loydell,1990&李积金 871

裂片笔石属Lobograptus Urbanek,1958&倪寓南 884

湖北笔石属Hubeigraptus Li,1995&李积金 884

单栅笔石属Monoclimacis Frech,1897 887

奥氏笔石属Oktavites Levina,1928(=Obutograptus Mu,1955) 899

螺旋笔石属Spirograptus Gurich,1908(=Tyrsograptus Obut,1949) 912

半耙笔石属Demirastrites Eisel,1912 913

耙笔石属Rastrites Barrande,1850 919

弓笔石科Cyrtograptidae Averianow,1929,emend.Bou？ek,1931&葛梅钰 930

弓笔石亚科Cyrtograptinae Averianow,1929,emend.Bou？ek,1931 930

弓笔石属Cyrtograptus Carruthers,1867(=Averianowograptus Obut,1949,Damosiograptus Obut,1950;Lapworthograptus Bou？ek and Pribyl,1952;Uralograptus Koren,1962;Kurga-nakograptus Golikov,1969） 930

巴氏笔石属Barrandeograptus Bou？ek,1933 939

拟肋笔石属Pleurograptoides Averianow,1931 940

线痕笔石亚科Linograptinae Obut,1957 941

反向笔石属Diversograptus Manck,1923(=Sinodiversograptus Mu and Chen,1962) 941

新反向笔石属Neodiversograptus Urbanek,1963&倪寓南 944

第七章 中国含笔石地层的对比&李积金 林尧坤 倪寓南 945

第八章 中国笔石的地层分布&李积金 林尧坤 葛梅钰 倪寓南 949

参考文献 1015

属种学名索引 1043

图版说明及图版（1—256） 1072