WTO文本英语PDF电子书下载

Unit 1 The WTO in Brief 1

PART A 1

1.1 What is WTO? 1

Exercises 1 2

1.2 GATT:"Provisional"for Almost Half a Century 5

Exercises 2 6

1.3 The Multilateral Trading System 10

Exercises 3 11

1.4 The Structure and the Secretariat of WTO 13

Exercises 4 14

PART B 17

Translation of WTO Documents 17

Language Features of This Unit 20

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 22

Unit 2 Decision Making 23

PART A 23

2.1 Whose WTO is it anyway? 23

Exercises 1 24

2.2 Levels of Authority 26

Exercises 2 27

2.3 Settling Disputes 30

2.3.1 Dispute-Settling Principles 30

2.3.2 How are disputes settled? 31

Exercises 3 32

2.3.3 Appeals 34

2.3.4 Penalty 34

2.3.5 Same People,Different Hats? 35

Exercises 4 35

PART B 39

Translation of WTO Documents 39

Language Features of This Unit 43

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 45

Unit 3 Goods Trade(Ⅰ) 47

PART A 47

3.1 Agriculture 47

Exercises 1 48

3.2 Anti-Dumping 51

Exercises 2 53

3.3 Balance of Payments 56

3.4 Customs Valuation 57

Exercises 3 58

3.5 GATT and the Goods Council 60

3.6 Import Licensing 60

3.7 Information Technology Products 60

3.7.1 Basic Principles of the ITA 61

3.7.2 Normal Implementation Period 61

3.7.3 Extended Staging/Developing Countries 61

3.7.4 The ITA Today 62

3.8 Market Access for Goods 62

3.8.1 Tariff Cuts 62

3.8.2 More Bindings 63

Exercises 4 63

PART B 65

Translation of WTO Documents 65

Language Features of This Unit 67

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 67

Unit 4 Goods Trade(Ⅱ) 70

PART A 70

4.1 Rules of Origin 70

4.1.1 A General Introduction 70

4.1.2 An Excerpt from the Agreement on Rules of Origin 71

4.2 Safeguard Measures 71

Exercises 1 73

4.3 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 75

4.3.1 Regulations for Animal and Plant Products 75

4.3.2 The Least Developed and Those Depending on Food Imports 76

4.4 Schedules of Concessions on Goods 76

4.4.1 The Uruguay Round Increased Bindings 76

4.4.2 Four Parts of the Schedule 76

4.4.3 Content of the Schedule 77

Exercises 2 77

4.5 State Trading Enterprise 79

4.6 Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 80

Exercises 3 82

4.7 Technical Barriers to Trade 83

4.8 Textiles 83

4.8.1 Textiles Monitoring Body(TMB) 83

4.8.2 The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing(ATC)1995—2004 84

Exercises 4 87

4.9 Trade Facilitation 88

4.9.1 Mandate for Work by the Singapore Ministerial Declaration 88

4.9.2 What is Trade Facilitation? 88

4.9.3 Why is Trade Facilitation Becoming an Issue Now? 89

4.9.4 Trade Facilitation in the Legal Framework of the WTO 89

4.9.5 Current Status of Work 89

Exercises 5 89

PART B 90

Translation of WTO Documents 90

Language Features of This Unit 92

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 93

Unit 5 Service Trade 94

PART A 94

5.1 Basic Principles 94

5.2 General Obligations and Disciplines 94

5.2.1 Total Coverage 94

5.2.2 Most-Favored-Nation(MFN)Treatment 95

5.2.3 Commitments on Market Access and National Treatment 95

5.2.4 Transparency 96

5.2.5 Regulations 96

5.2.6 Recognition 96

5.2.7 International Payments and Transfers 96

5.2.8 Progressive Liberalization 97

Exercises 1 97

5.3 The Annexes 101

5.3.1 Movement of Natural Persons 102

5.3.2 Financial Services 102

5.3.3 Telecommunications 102

5.3.4 Air Transport Services 102

5.4 Current Work 102

5.4.1 Negotiations(Article 19) 102

5.4.2 Work on GATS Rules(Articles 10,13,15) 103

5.4.3 Work on Domestic Regulations(Article 4.4) 103

5.4.4 MFN Exemptions(Annex on Article 2) 103

5.4.5 Taking Account of"Autonomous"Liberalization(Article 19) 104

5.4.6 Special Treatment for Least-Developed Countries(Article 19) 104

5.4.7 Assessment of Trade in Services(Article 19) 104

5.4.8 Air Transport Services 104

Exercises 2 104

5.5 Assessment of Liberalization in Services 107

5.5.1 Sectoral Experience of Hong Kong in Telecommunications 107

5.5.2 Background 107

5.5.3 Financial Model 107

5.5.4 Cost-Benefits Analysis 108

5.5.5 Tangible Benefits 109

5.5.6 Intangible Benefits 109

5.5.7 Observations 110

Exercises 3 110

PART B 114

Translation of WTO Documents 114

Language Features of This Unit 115

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 116

Unit 6 Intellectual Property 118

PART A 118

6.1 Understanding of Intellectual Property(IP)Rights 118

6.2 Industrial Property 118

Exercises 1 119

6.3 Intellectual Property:Protection and Enforcement 124

6.3.1 Origins of TRIPS 124

6.3.2 WIPO 125

6.3.3 General Provisions 126

6.4 Basic Principles of TRIPS 126

6.5 How to Protect Intellectual Property:Common Ground-Rules 127

6.5.1 Copyright 127

6.5.2 Trademarks 127

6.5.3 Geographical Indications 127

Exercises 2 128

6.5.4 Industrial Designs 132

6.5.5 Patents 132

6.5.6 Integrated Circuits Layout Designs 133

6.5.7 Undisclosed Information and Trade Secrets 133

6.5.8 Curbing Anti-Competitive Licensing Contracts 133

6.6 Enforcement:Tough but Fair 133

6.6.1 Technology Transfer 133

6.6.2 Transition Arrangements:1,5 or 11 Years or More 134

6.7 The Three Main Features of the Agreement 134

6.8 Certain General Provisions 135

Exercises 3 136

6.9 The Text of TRIPS 139

Exercises 4 141

PART B 145

Translation of WTO Documents 145

Language Features of This Unit 147

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 147

Unit 7 Understanding WTO Agreements on Agriculture 149

PART A 149

7.1 Overview 149

7.2 How the WTO Agreement on Agriculture Come Out 150

7.2.1 Agricultural Trade 150

7.2.2 Trade Policies Prior to the WTO 150

7.2.3 Uruguay Round Agricultural Negotiations 151

Exercises 1 152

7.3 Introduction of the Agreement on Agriculture 156

7.3.1 Relationship with other WTO Agreements 156

7.3.2 Product coverage 156

7.3.3 Rules and commitments 156

7.3.4 Implementation period 156

7.3.5 Committee on Agriculture 157

7.4 The WTO Agreement on Agriculture Itself 157

7.4.1 Part Ⅰ 158

Exercises 2 159

7.4.2 Part Ⅱ 162

7.4.3 Part Ⅲ 163

7.4.4 Part Ⅳ 165

Exercises 3 166

7.4.5 Part Ⅴ 169

7.4.6 Part Ⅵ 171

Exercises 4 172

PART B 175

Translation of WTO Documents 175

Language Features of This Unit 179

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 180

Unit 8 Relation between WTO and China 182

PART A 182

8.1 China Has Had a"Long March"to WTO Entry 182

8.2 China's WTO Entry Is a Major Historic Event 183

Exercises 1 184

8.3 The Balance of Rights and Duties 188

8.4 What Can China's Industries Get from the WTO? 188

Exercises 2 189

8.5 The Sino-US Bilateral Agreement 191

Exercises 3 194

PART B 196

Translation of WTO Documents 196

Language Features of This Unit 199

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 199

Unit 9 An Outline of WTO Agreements 201

PART A 201

9.1 Overview 201

9.2 The Structure of the WTO Agreements 202

9.3 Tariffs:More Bindings and Closer to Zero 203

Exercises 1 203

9.4 Agreements,Binding'Tariffs and Distortion 206

9.5 The Agriculture Agreement:New Rules and Commitments 208

9.6 Export Subsidies:Limits on Spending and Quantities 209

Exercises 2 210

9.7 Standards and Safety 213

9.8 Textiles:Back in the Mainstream 214

9.9 Services:Rules for Growth and Investment 215

Exercises 3 216

9.10 General Obligations and Disciplines 217

9.11 International Payments and Transfers 219

Exercises 4 220

PART B 222

Translation of WTO Documents 222

Language Features of This Unit 224

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 225

Unit 10 Dispute Settlement 227

PART A 227

10.1 A Unique Contribution 227

10.2 Settling Disputes 228

10.3 How the Panels Are to Work 229

10.3.1 Appeals 230

Exercises 1 231

10.3.2 Case Study 234

10.3.3 Disputes:Where Should They Be Handled? 234

Exercises 2 237

10.4 A GATT Dispute:The Tuna-Dolphin Dispute 240

10.5 Examples of Dispute Settlement Documents 242

Exercises 3 244

PART B 247

Translation of WTO Documents 247

Language Features of This Unit 249

Background Information for Your Reference in Chinese 250