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Contents 1

Unit One Culture and Civilization 1

Text A Ancient Chinese Civilization 1

Text B The Foundation of World Civilization 7

Supplementary Reading Ancient Views of World Geography 25

Unit Two People and Traditions 28

Text A Spring Festival—A Holiday that Blends Man and Nature 28

Text B Traditional American Values and Beliefs 36

Supplementary Reading Independence Days 54

Unit Three Politics and Government 56

Text A NPC & Western Parliament:Similarities and Differences 56

Text B Taiwan Solution:One Country Two Systems 60

Supplementary Reading Macao 73

Unit Four Traditional Chinese Ideas and Philosophy 76

Text A Heaven,Earth and Man 76

Text B The Delightful Pursuit of Human Love 79

Supplementary Reading Fortune and Misfortune 93

Unit Five Marriage and Family 97

Text A Women and Marriage in China 97

Text B Women of the Tang Dynasty 103

Supplementary Reading Women in Wartime 114

Unit Six Reform and Social Development 116

Text A Perspectives on a New Life 116

Text B State-Owned Enterprises Continue to Reform 121

Supplementary Reading Select Talents 134

Unit Seven Medicine and Martial Arts 138

Text A Yin and Yang in the Medical Theory 138

Text B Martial Arts and Chinese Culture 142

Supplementary Reading Medicine 159

Unit Eight Architecture 161

Text A Evolution of Chinese Architecture 161

Text B Courtyards 167

Supplementary Reading Zoomorphic Ornaments 182

Unit Nine Environmental Protection 184

Text A Environmental Concerns 184

Text B Heeding Nature's Warnings 187

Supplementary Reading Construction and Protection—Beijing Feels Its Way in City Planning 200

Unit Ten Diplomacy—East & West 203

Text A The World of China,or China of the World—Chinese Diplomacy before 1949 203

Text B The World of China，or China of the World—Chinese Diplomacy after 1949 206

Supplementary Reading Travelers East and West 215

Unit Eleven Education 217

Text A Education and Educational Misconceptions 217

Text B Education in China before 1980s 220

Supplementary Reading Memorials 232

Unit Twelve Trade and Economy 234

Text A WTO Changes Lives in China 234

Text B The Current System of Personal Income Tax Calls for Prompt Revision 240

Supplementary Reading Pudong New District and the Chinese Economy 250

Unit Thirteen Population 255

Text A A Changing Population and Its Meaning 255

Text B A Variety of Ways to Provide for the Aged 258

Supplementary Reading The Floating Population 269

Unit Fourteen Clothing and Fashion 274

Text A A History of Shoes 274

Text B A Fu Cut and Ancient Hairdos 280

Supplementary Reading Cheongsam 292

Unit Fifteen Entertainment 294

Text A Yuan Dynasty Zaju 294

Text B Traditional Chinese Musical Instruments 297

Supplementary Reading Facial Make-up in Operas 309

Unit Sixteen Ancient Relics 313

Text A Stories of Jade 313

Text B How the Tang Tri-Color Simplified Imperial Burials 318

Supplementary Reading Ever Popular:Blue-and-White Porcelain 335

Key to Exercises 337

Bibliography 357