等离子体物理学和受控聚变 第1卷 英文版PDF电子书下载

1．INTRODUCTION 1

Occurrence of Plasmas in Nature 1

Definition of Plasma 3

Concept of Temperature 4

Debye Shielding 8

The Plasma Parameter 11

Criteria for Plasmas 11

Applications of Plasma Physics 13

2．SINGLE-PARTICLE MOTIONS 19

Introduction 19

Uniform E and B Fields 19

Nonuniform B Field 26

Nonuniform E Field 36

Time-Varying E Field 39

Time-Varying B Field 41

Summary of Guiding Center Drifts 43

Adiabatic Invariants 43

3．PLASMAS AS FLUIDS 53

Introduction 53

Relation of Plasma Physics to Ordinary Electromagnetics 54

The Fluid Equation of Motion 58

Fluid Drifts Perpendicular to B 68

Fluid Drifts Parallel to B 75

The Plasma Approximation 77

4．WAVES IN PLASMAS 79

Representation of Waves 79

Group Velocity 81

Plasma Oscillations 82

Electron Plasma Waves 87

Sound Waves 94

Ion Waves 95

Validity of the Plasma Approximation 98

Comparison of Ion and Electron Waves 99

Electrostatic Electron Oscillations Perpendicular to B 100

Electrostatic Ion Waves Perpendicular to B 109

The Lower Hybrid Frequency 112

Electromagnetic Waves with B0=0 114

Experimental Applications 117

Electromagnetic Waves Perpendicular to B0 122

Cutoffs and Resonances 126

Electromagnetic Waves Parallel to B0 128

Experimental Consequences 131

Hydromagnetic Waves 136

Magnetosonic Waves 142

Summary of Elementary Plasma Waves 144

The CMA Diagram 146

5．DIFFUSION AND RESISTIVITY 155

Diffusion and Mobility in Weakly Ionized Gases 155

Decay of a Plasma by Diffusion 159

Steady State Solutions 165

Recombination 167

Diffusion across a Magnetic Field 169

Collisions in Fully Ionized Plasmas 176

The Single-Fluid MHD Equations 184

Diffusion in Fully Ionized Plasmas 186

Solutions of the Diffusion Equation 188

Bohm Diffusion and Neoclassical Diffusion 190

6．EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY 199

Introduction 199

Hydromagnetic Equilibrium 201

The Concept of B 203

Diffusion of Magnetic Field into a Plasma 205

Classification of Instabilities 208

Two-Stream Instability 211

The"Gravitational"Instability 215

Resistive Drift Waves 218

The Weibel Instability 223

7．KINETIC THEORY 225

The Meaning of f(v) 225

Equations of Kinetic Theory 230

Derivation of the Fluid Equations 236

Plasma Oscillations and Landau Damping 240

The Meaning of Landau Damping 245

A Physical Derivation of Landau Damping 256

BGK and Van Kampen Modes 261

Experimental Verification 262

Ion Landau Damping 267

Kinetic Effects in a Magnetic Field 274

8．NONLINEAR EFFECTS 287

Introduction 287

Sheaths 290

Ion Acoustic Shock Waves 297

The Ponderomotive Force 305

Parametric Instabilities 309

Plasma Echoes 324

Nonlinear Landau Damping 328

Equations of Nonlinear Plasma Physics 330

APPENDICES 349

Appendix A．Units,Constants and Formulas,Vector Relations 349

Appendix B．Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma 355

Appendix C．Sample Three-Hour Final Exam 361

Appendix D．Answers to Some Problems 369

Index 417

Index to Problems 421