动物生理学词典PDF电子书下载

一画 1

乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine,ACh) 1

二画 1

入胞作用与出胞作用(Endocytosis and exocytosis) 1

三画 2

下丘脑(Hypothalamus) 2

下丘脑神经内分泌(Hypothalamic-neuroendocrine) 2

大脑皮层运动区(Cortical motor area) 2

大脑皮层抑制区(Cortical inhibitory area) 4

大脑皮层感觉区(Cortical sensory area) 5

大脑边缘系统与大脑边缘叶(Limbic system and limbic lobe) 5

马让迪(Magendie Francois,1783—1855) 5

马雷定律(Marey's law) 5

四画 6

无效刺激(Ineffective stimulus) 6

不应期(Refractory period) 6

不适宜刺激(Inadequate stimulus) 6

厄兰格(Joseph Erlanger,1874—1965) 6

比容(Hematocrit) 6

中心静脉压(Central venous pressure) 7

中枢抑制和中枢兴奋(Central inhibition and excitation) 7

中枢延搁(Central delay) 7

中隆部(Median eminence) 7

水平衡(Water equilibrium) 7

内分泌(Endocrine,Internal secretion) 8

内环境(Internal environment) 8

内环境恒定(Homeostasis) 8

内呼吸(Internal respiration) 9

内脏脑(Visceral brain) 9

贝尔纳(Claude Bernard,1813—1878) 9

贝利斯(William Maddock Bayliss,1860—1924) 9

气体代谢(Gaseous metabolism) 10

气体交换(Air exchange) 10

气体运输(Air exportation) 10

反刍(Rumination) 12

反刍周期(Ruminant cycle) 12

反极化(Depolarization) 12

反射(Reflex) 12

反射中枢(Reflex center) 13

反射时(Reflex time,RT) 13

反射乳(Reflex milk) 13

反射弧(Reflex arc) 13

反馈(Feedback) 13

介质(Mediator) 15

分节运动(Segmentation) 15

分泌(Secretion) 15

分娩(Parturition) 16

心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG) 17

心动周期(Cardiac cycle) 18

心加速中枢(Cardioacclerator center) 18

心抑制中枢(Cardioinhibitiory center) 18

心肌传导性(Cardiac conductivity) 19

心肌传导阻滞(Heart block) 20

心肌自动节律性(Autorhythmicity,Automaticity) 20

心肌兴奋性(Bathmotropism of cardiac muscle) 20

心肌收缩性(Cardiac contractility) 21

心音(Heart sound,Cardiac sound) 21

心音图(Phonocardiogram,PCG) 22

心脏机能合体性(Functional syncytium) 22

心脏的神经调节(Nervous regulation of heart) 23

心容积和压力变化及心音(Cardiac volume,pressure and sound) 23

心率(Heart rate) 24

心输出量(Cardiac output) 25

巴甫洛夫(Ivan Pavlov,1849—1936) 25

巴甫洛夫小胃(Pavlov's pouch,Pavlov's stomach) 26

五画 26

正反馈(Positive feedback) 26

正后电位(Positive after-potential) 26

正诱导(Positive induction) 26

去大脑僵直(Decerebrate rigidity) 26

去极化(Depolarization) 27

去神经震颤(Denervation hypersensitization) 27

艾克曼(Christiaan Eijkman,1858—1930) 27

艾德里安(Edgar Douglas Adrian,1889—？) 27

本体感受器(Proprioreceptor) 28

功能残气量(Functional residual capacity,FRC) 28

布洛卡(Paul Broca,1824—1880) 28

布顿布罗克(Wolfgang von Buddenbrock,1884—？) 28

平均动脉压(Mean pressure) 28

卡茨(Bernard Katz,1911—？) 29

甲状旁腺(激)素(Parathyroid hormone) 29

甲状腺激素(Thyroid hormone) 29

生长抑素(Somatostatin,SS) 30

生长激素(Growth hormone,GH) 30

生物分子(Biological molecule) 30

生物电(Biopotential) 30

生物电现象(Bio-electricity phenomenon) 30

生物钟(Bio-clock) 31

生理盐溶液(Normal saline,Physiologic saline) 31

生殖(Reproduction) 31

代偿间歇(Compensatory pause) 31

代谢率(Metabolic rate) 32

代谢稳定区(Thermal neutral zone) 32

白细胞(Leucocyte,White blood cell,WBC) 32

外环境(External environment) 33

外呼吸(External respiration) 33

外周(血管)阻力(Peripheral vascular resistance) 33

外周静脉压(Peripheral venous pressure) 33

饥饿收缩(Hunger contraction) 33

主动转运(Active transport) 34

冯式效应(Feng's effect) 34

永久性瘘管(Chronic fistula) 34

弗洛兰斯(Marie Jean Pierre Flourens,1794—1867) 34

加压区(Pressor area) 34

加压反射(Pressure reflex) 34

加塞(Herbert Spencer Gasser,1888—1963) 35

六画 35

动力定型(Dynamic stereotype) 35

动作电位(Action potential) 35

动作电流(Action current) 35

动情周期(Estrous cycle) 36

扩散(Irradiation) 36

扩散率(Diffusion of rate) 36

机能余气量(Functional residual capacity,FRC) 36

机能灵活性(Functional flexibility) 36

过低温度(Zone of hypothermia) 37

过高温度(Zone of hyperthemia) 37

协同作用(Synergism) 37

有机体(Organism) 37

有效刺激(Effective stimulus) 37

有效滤过压(Effective filtration pressure) 37

同化作用(Assimilation) 38

同时性诱导(Simultaneous induction) 38

同时性总和现象(Spatial summation) 38

同位素示踪技术(Isotope tracer technique) 38

吸收(Absorption) 38

回流压(Reflux pressure) 39

网状后行抑制系统(Reticular descending inhibiting system) 39

网状激活系统(Unspecific projection system) 39

优势现象(Principle of dominant) 39

血小板(Blood platelets) 40

血压(Blood pressure) 40

血压的调节(Regulation of blood pressure) 40

血红蛋白(Hemoglobin,Hb) 42

血细胞比容(Hematocrit) 42

血细胞刺激因子(Erythropoietin stimulation factor) 43

血细胞凝集(Agglutination) 43

血型(Blood group,Blood type) 43

血型系统(Blood group system) 43

血钙(Blood calcium) 43

血栓细胞(Thrombocyt) 43

血脑屏障(Blood-brain barrier) 44

血浆(Blood plasma) 44

血浆清除率(Plasma clearance) 44

血流速度(Velocity of blood flow) 45

血清(Blood serum) 45

血液(Blood) 45

血液循环(Blood circulation) 46

血液缓冲系统(Buffer system in blood) 46

血液凝固(Blood coagulation) 47

血量(Blood volume) 48

血管运动的调节(Vasomotor regulation) 48

血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,VIP) 49

血管紧张素(Angiotensin) 49

血管紧张素原(Angiotensinogen) 50

血糖(Blood sugar) 50

后电位(After potential) 50

后行抑制系统(Reticular descending inhibitory system) 51

后行易化系统(Reticular descending facilitating system) 51

后负荷(Afterload) 51

后作用(After action) 51

后继性兴奋(After discharge) 51

全或无反应(All-or-none response) 51

肌肉疲劳(Fatigue of muscle) 51

肌紧张(Muscle tone) 52

交互抑制(Reciprocal inhibition) 52

次强刺激(Sub-maximum stimulus) 53

充盈期(Period of filling) 53

兴奋(Excitation) 53

兴奋—收缩偶联(Excitation-contraction coupling) 53

兴奋性(Excitability) 54

兴奋性突触后电位(Excitatory postsynaptic potential,EPSP) 54

异长性自身调节(Hetecometric autoregulation) 54

异化作用(Dissimilation) 54

异位节律(Ectopic) 54

异位起搏点(Ectopic pacemaker) 54

阳性条件反射(Positive conditioned reflex) 54

阳性刺激(Positive stimulus) 54

收缩(Contraction) 54

收缩压(Systolic pressure) 55

阴性条件反射(Negative conditioned reflex) 55

阴性刺激(Negative stimulus) 55

红细胞(Erythrocyte,Red blood cell,RBC) 55

红细胞沉降率(Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR) 55

纤维蛋白(Fibrin) 56

纤维蛋白溶解(Fibrinolysis) 56

纤维蛋白溶解系统(Fibrinolysin system) 56

传入神经(Afferent nerve) 57

传出神经(Efferent nerve) 57

负反馈(Negative feedback) 57

负后电位(Negative after potential) 57

负诱导(Negative induction) 57

七画 57

麦克劳德(John James Rickard Macideod,1876—1935) 57

吞咽反射(Swallowing reflex) 57

吞噬作用与吞饮作用(Phagocytosis and pinocytosis action) 58

运动单位(Motor units) 58

运动终板(End-plate) 59

坎农(Walter Bradford Cannon,1871—1945) 59

抑制(Inhibition) 60

抑制性突触后电位(Inhibitory postsynaptic potential,IPSP) 60

抑制素(Inhibin) 60

抑胃肽(Gastric inhibitory polypeptide,GIP) 60

抗利尿激素(Antidiuretic hormone,ADH) 60

抗凝(Anticoagulation) 60

克劳格(Schack Auguest Steenberg Krogh,1874—1949) 61

极化(Polarization) 61

时值(Chronaxie) 61

呕吐(Vomiting) 62

吮吸(Sucking) 62

体温(Body temperature) 62

体温调节中枢(Thermoregulation center) 62

体液调节(Humoral regulation) 63

体循环(Systemic circulation) 63

近球小体(Juxtaglumerular apparatus) 63

余气量(Residual volume,RV) 63

肝素(Heparin) 63

肠液(Intestinal juice) 64

肠抑胃素(Enterogatrone) 64

肠肝循环(Enterohepatic circulation) 64

条件反射(Conditioned reflex) 65

卵黄封闭作用(Viteline sealing action) 65

状态反射(Attitudinal reflex) 65

应激性(Excitability) 65

快波睡眠(Rapid wave sleep) 66

补吸气量(Inspiratory reserve volume,IRV) 66

补呼气量(Expiratory reserve volume,ERV) 66

初乳与常乳(Colostrum and ordinary milk) 67

八画 67

表面活性物质(Alveolar surfactant) 67

顶体反应(Acrosome reaction) 68

林可胜(Robert K.S.Lim,1897—1969) 68

松弛素(Relaxin) 68

刺激(Stimulus) 68

肾小球滤过率(Glomerular filtration rate) 69

肾上腺素能纤维(Adrenergic fiber) 69

肾单位(Nephron) 69

肾素(Renin) 70

肾清除率(Renal clearance) 70

非条件反射(Unconditioned reflex) 70

非特异性投射系统(Unspecific projection system) 71

非蛋白氮(Nonprotein nitrogen,NPN) 71

国际单位(International unit,i.u./IU) 72

易化扩散(Facilitated diffusion) 72

易化和抑制作用(Facilitation and inhibition) 72

咀嚼反射(Mastication reflex) 72

呼吸(Respiration) 73

呼吸单位(Respiratory unit) 73

呼吸运动的调节(Regulation of respiration movement) 73

呼吸类型(Types of respiration) 75

呼吸商(Respiratory quotient,RQ) 75

呼吸频率(Respiratory frequency) 75

呼吸膜(Respiratory membrance) 75

垂体(Pituitary) 76

垂体门脉系统(Pituitary portal vessel system) 76

受体(Recptor) 76

受精(Fertilization) 76

乳池乳(Cistern milk) 76

乳腺发育(Mammogensis) 77

肽能神经系统(Peptidergic nerve system) 77

肺内压(Intrapulmonary pressure) 77

肺牵张反射(Pulmonary stretch reflex) 78

肺顺应性(Lung compliance,Pulmonary compliance) 78

肺总容量(Total lung capacity,TLC) 78

肺活量(Vital capacity,VC) 78

肺容量(Pulmonary capacity) 79

肺循环(Pulmonary circulation) 79

变长性自动调节(Hetecometric autoregulation) 79

变构效应(Allosteric effective) 79

放射免疫测定法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA) 80

泌乳(Lactation) 80

泌乳发生(Lactogenesis) 81

性成熟和体成熟(Sexual maturity and body maturity) 81

性征和副性征(Primary sexual and secondary sexual characteristics) 81

性周期(Estrous cycle) 81

单收缩(Single twitch) 81

单位膜(Unit membrance) 81

单突触反射(Monosynaptic reflex) 82

房-室延搁(Atrio-ventricular delay) 82

屈肌反射和对侧伸肌反射(Flexor and extensor muscle reflex) 83

弥散性血管内凝血(Disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC) 83

降压反射(Depressor reflex) 83

降钙素(Calcitonin) 83

终板电位(End plate potential) 83

九画 84

拮抗作用(Antagonism) 84

相对不应期(Relative refractory period) 84

威廉·哈维(William Harvey,1578—1657) 84

牵张反射(Stretch reflex) 84

牵涉性痛(Referred pain) 85

残气量(Residual volume,RV) 85

残留乳(Residual milk) 85

轴突反射(Axon reflex) 85

临界温度(Critical temperature) 86

胃动素(motlin) 86

胃肠运动(Gastro-intestinal movement,Gastroenteric movement) 86

胃肠激素(Gastro-intestinal hormone) 86

胃排空(Gastric emptying) 86

胃液(Gastric juice) 88

胃液分泌(Gastric juice secretion) 88

胃蛋白酶(Pepsin) 88

哈脱莱茵(Haldam Keffer Hartline,1903—？) 89

骨吸收(Osteolysis) 89

骨骼肌的力量(Strength of muscle) 89

骨骼肌的机械效率(Mechanical efficiency) 89

骨骼肌的绝对力量(Absolute strength of muscle) 89

骨骼肌的最适负重(Optimal loading capacity of muscle) 89

钙泵(Calcium pump) 90

钟摆运动(Pendular movement) 90

钠泵(Sodium pump) 90

适宜刺激(Adequate stimulus) 90

复合收缩(Complex twitch) 91

复极化(Repolarization) 91

促甲状腺激素(Thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH) 91

促红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin,EPO) 91

促胃液素(Gastrin) 92

促胰液素(Secretin) 92

促凝(Coagulating) 92

食管沟反射(Oesophageal groove reflex) 92

食糜(Chyme) 93

胆汁(Bile) 93

胆碱能纤维(Cholinergic fiber) 93

胆囊收缩素(Cholecystokinin,CCK) 93

脉搏(Pulse) 94

脉搏压(Pulse pressure) 94

姿势反射(Postural reflex) 94

施旺(Theodor Schwann,1810—1882) 95

迷走吸气兴奋反射(Vagus excitation inspiratory reflex) 95

迷路紧张反射(Tonic labyrinthine reflex) 95

迷走吸气抑制反射(Vagus inhibition inspiratory reflex) 96

迷走紧张(Vagal tone) 96

迷走脱逸(Vagal escape) 96

前胃运动(Movement of prestomaches) 96

前负荷(Preload) 97

逆极化(Depolarization) 97

逆呕(Regurgitation) 97

逆蠕动(Antiperistalsis) 97

总和作用(Summation) 97

突触(Synapse) 97

突触传递(Synaptic transmission) 97

突触后抑制(Postsynaptic inhibition) 98

突触延搁(Synaptic delay) 98

突触前抑制(Presynaptic inhibition) 98

冠脉循环(Coronary circulation) 98

神经中枢(Neural center) 98

神经冲动(Nerve impulse) 99

神经活动类型(Nervous activity type) 99

神经递质(Neurotransmitter) 99

神经调节(Neural regulation) 100

神经激素(Neurohormone) 100

诱导(Induction) 100

诱发电位(Evoked potential) 100

绝对不应期(Absolute refractory Period) 100

十画 101

班布里季氏反射(Bainbridge reflex) 101

载体(Carrier) 101

起搏点(Pacemaker) 101

热平衡(Heat balance) 101

热价(Caloric value) 101

热性喘息(Thermopolypnea) 101

埃克尔斯(John Carew Eccles,1903—？) 102

格兰尼特(Ragnar Arthnr Granit,1900—？) 102

配体(Ligand) 102

紧张性收缩(Tonic contraction) 102

钾平衡电位(Potassium equilibrium potential) 103

氧合作用(Oxygenation) 103

氧债(Oxygen debt) 103

氧热价(Thermal equivalent of oxygen) 103

氧容量、氧含量和氧饱和(Oxygen capacity,oxygen content and oxygen saturation) 103

氧解离曲线(Oxygen dissociation curve) 104

特异性投射系统(Specific projection system) 105

特殊动力效应(Specific dynamic effect,SDE) 105

透明带反应(Zone reaction) 105

倒极化(Depolarization) 106

射血期(Ejection period) 106

胰岛素(Insulin) 106

胰泌素(Secretin) 106

胰脂肪酶(Pancreatic lipase) 106

胰高血糖素(Glucagon) 107

胰液(Pancreatic juice) 107

胰淀粉酶(Pancreatic amylase) 107

胰蛋白酶(Trypsin) 107

胸式呼吸(Costal breathing) 107

胸膜腔内压(Intrapleural pressure) 107

脑干网状结构(Reticular Formation) 108

脊休克(Spinal shock) 108

离子泵(Ion pump) 108

离子通道(Ion channel) 108

递质共存(Coexistence of transmitters) 109

浦肯野(Jan Evangelista Purkyne,1787—1869) 109

消化(Digestion) 109

消化液(Digestion juice) 109

消化酶(Digestion enzyme) 110

容许性作用(Permissive action) 110

容受性舒张(Receptive relaxation) 110

调节(Accommodation) 110

调定点学说(Set point theory) 111

通气(Ventilation) 111

能量代谢(Energy metabolism) 112

继时性诱导(Temporal induction) 112

继时性总和(Temporal summation) 113

十一画 113

排泄(Excretion) 113

排尿反射(Micturition reflex) 113

排乳反射(Milk ejection reflex) 114

基础代谢(Basal metabolism,BM) 114

基础代谢率(Basal metabolic rate,BMR) 114

基底神经节(Basal ganglia) 115

唾液(Saliva) 115

唾液淀粉酶(Ptyalin,Salivary amylase) 116

第一信号系统与第二信号系统(First signal system and second signal system) 116

第二信使(Second messenger) 116

偶联(Coupling) 117

假饲(Sham feeding) 117

减压区(Depressor area) 118

减压反射(Depressor reflex) 118

阈电位(Threshold potential) 119

阈刺激(Threshold stimulus) 119

阈值(Threshold) 119

盖仑(Claudius Galen,130—200) 119

淋巴(Lymph) 119

混合式呼吸(Combined respiration) 120

渗透压(Osmotic pressure) 120

渗透性(Osmotic) 120

渗透脆性(Osmotic fragility) 120

十二画 120

超极化(Hyperpolarization) 120

超限刺激(Extra-maximum stimulus) 120

搔爬反射(Scratch reflex) 121

斯塔林(Ernest Henry Starling,1866—1927) 121

斯塔林(心脏)定律(Starling's of heart law) 121

期前收缩(Premature systole) 121

最大刺激(Maximum stimulus) 121

暂时接通的机制(Temporary connection) 121

量子式释放(Quantum release) 122

锋电位(Spike potential) 123

氯离子转移(Chloride shift) 123

等长收缩(Isometric contraction) 124

等张收缩(Isotonic contraction) 124

等氢交换(Isohydric shift) 124

等热范围(Zone of thremal neutrality) 124

等容收缩期(Isovolnmic contraction period) 125

等容舒张期(Isovolnmic relaxation Period) 125

集中(Concentration) 125

舒张电位(Relaxation potential) 125

舒张压(Diastolic pressure,Systolic pressure) 126

释放因子(Releasing factor) 126

腱反射(Tendon reflex) 126

温度适中范围(Thermal neutral zone) 126

滑行学说(Sliding filament theory) 126

寒颤(战栗)产热与非寒颤(非战栗)产热(Shivering themogenesis and non-shivering themogenesis) 128

谢切诺夫(Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov,1829—1905) 129

谢灵顿(Charles Scott Sherrington,1857—1952) 129

强化(Reinforcement) 129

强直收缩(Tetanus contraction) 129

十三画 130

感觉机能(Sensory foundation) 130

感觉单位(Sensory unit) 130

感觉神经(Sensory nerve) 130

感受器(Receptor) 131

感受器电位(Receptor potential) 131

感受野(Sensory field) 131

碰撞(Collision) 131

睡眠(Sleep) 131

跨膜电位(Transmembrane potential) 132

暖气(Eructation) 132

锥体(Pyramid) 132

锥体外系统(Extrapyramidal System) 132

锥体系统(Pyramidal tract,Corticospinal tract) 132

催乳激素(Prolactin,Galactin,Mammotropin,PRL) 133

微循环(Microcirculation) 133

腹式呼吸(Abdominal breathing) 134

腺泡乳(Alveolar milk) 134

新陈代谢(Metabolism) 134

滤过膜(Filtration membrance) 135

溶血(Hemolysis) 135

溶血性贫血(Hemolytic Anemia) 135

窦性节律(Rhythm of sinoatrial node) 135

谬勒(Johannes Peter Muller,1801—1858) 135

十四画 135

静止能量代谢率(Basal metabolic rate) 135

静位反射(Static reflex) 136

静位运动反射(Statokinetic reflex) 136

静脉(血)压(Venous pressure) 136

静脉波(Venous wave) 136

静息电位(Resting potential) 137

赫克斯利(Andrew Fielding Huxley,1917—？) 137

碱储(Alkali reserve) 137

膜电位(Membrane potential) 138

膜受体(Membrance receptor) 138

慢波睡眠(Slow wave sleep,SWS) 138

慢性瘘管(Chronic fistula) 139

缩血管中枢(Vasooonstrietor center) 139

十五画 139

增强作用(Enhancement,potentiation) 139

瘤胃运动的A波与B波(Primary and secondary contraction of rumen) 139

潮气(Tidal air) 139

潮气量(Tidal volume,TV) 139

潮式呼吸(Tial breathing) 139

额外收缩(Premature systole) 140

十六画 140

整合(Integration) 140

霍奇金(Alan Lloy Hodgkin,1914—？) 140

霍塞(Bernardo Alberto Houssay,1887—1971) 140

凝血因子(Blood coagulation factor) 140

凝血酶(Thrombin) 141

凝乳酶(Rennin) 141

凝集作用(Agglutination) 141

激肽(Kinin) 141

激肽释放酶—激肽系统(Kalliknis-Kiuus,K-K系统) 141

激素(Hormone) 142

激素半衰期(Half time of hormone) 142

激素原和前激素原(Prehormone and preprohormone) 142

十七画 142

戴尔(Henry Hallett Dale,1875—1968) 142

繁殖季节(Breeding season) 143

糜蛋白酶(Chymotrysin) 143

十八画 143

翻正反射(Righting reflex) 143

瀑布学说(Waterfall theory) 143

十九画 144

蠕动(Peristalsis) 144

蠕动冲(Peristalsis rush) 144

特殊词条 145

P物质(Substance P,Sialogen) 145

5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT) 146

附录1 各种动物生理指标一览 147

附录2 生理学史年表 149

附录3 生理学常用英文缩写 152

附录4 英文索引 160

参考文献 178