现代语言学基础教程PDF电子书下载

CONTENTS 1

1 The Nature of Language 1

1.1 Definition of Language 2

1.2 Popular Ideas about Language 6

1.3 The Properties of Language 8

1.4 Functions of Language 12

1.5 Non-verbal Communication 16

2 A Brief Introduction to Linguistics 20

2.1 What Is Linguistics? 20

2.2 The Scope of Linguistics 20

2.3 The Impact of Linguistics on Other Fields 24

2.4 Basic Distinctions in Linguistics 25

3 Phonetics and Phonology 30

3.1 Phonetics 30

3.2 Phonology 46

4.1 Morphemes 58

4 Morphology 58

4.2 Types of Morphemes 59

4.3 Morphs, Morphemes and Allomorphs 63

4.4 Word-formation Process 66

5 Syntax 73

5.1 What Is Syntax? 73

5.2 Syntactic Relations 74

5.3 Phrase Structure Rules 83

5.4 Sentences (The S Rule) 87

5.5 Transformations 88

6 Semantics 98

6.1 Kinds of Meaning 98

6.2 Some Important Assumptions 100

6.3 Some Views on Semantics 102

6.4 Approaches to Semantics 104

6.5 Lexical Relationship 108

6.6 Sentence Meaning 116

7.1 Introduction 131

7 Pragmatics 131

7.2 Context,Implicature and Reference 132

7.3 Speech Acts 146

7.4 Conversational Analysis 152

8 Language and Culture 168

8.1 Introduction 168

8.2 Linguistic Relativity 169

8.3 Meaning as Sign, Meaning as Action 173

8.4 Spoken Language, Oral Culture; Print Language, Literate Culture 178

8.5 Language and Cultural Identity 182

8.6 Current Issues 184

9 Language and Society 189

9.1 Introduction 189

9.2 The Micro-Macro Distinction 193

9.3 Social Differentiation of Language 195

9.4 Regional Differentiation of Language 201

9.5 Mixed Languages 201

9.6 Speech Situations 206

10 Language Acquisition 218

10.1 The Nature of Language Acquisition 218

10.2 Stages in First Language Acquisition 219

10.3 Theories of Child Language Acquisition 223

10.4 Background to Current Second Language Acquisition Research 226

10.5 Developmental Stages of Second Language Acquisition 232

10.6 Factors Affecting SLA 234

10.7 Theories in Second Language Learning 243

11 Language and Psychology 252

11.1 Introduction 252

11.2 Language Comprehension 258

11.3 Language Production 269

11.4 Language Acquisition 277

Key to Questions and Exercises　练习答案 283

Index　索引 294

Bibliography　参考书目 306