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Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION 72

1.What is Hindustan Jade? 72

2.Research Background 74

Ⅱ.THE HINDUSTAN JADE-WORKING TRADITION 75

1.Early Traditional Hard-stone Carving in North India 75

2.Chinese Historical Records of Central Asian Jade-working and Jade Tribute Offerings 76

3.Development of the Jade-carving Tradition in the Timurid and Mughal Empires 77

4.Characteristics of Turkish Jade-carving 79

5.Vessel Types,Material Sources,Carving Techniques Characteristics of Hindustan Jade 80

1.Relations Between the Ch’ing Court and Hindustan 83

Ⅲ.THE IMPORTATION OF HINDUSTAN JADE TO CHINA AND ITS APPRECIATION BY THE CH’IEN-LUNG EMPEROR 83

2.The Eastward Transmission of Hindustan Jade 85

3.The CH’ien-lung Emperor’s Understanding and Apprecion of Hindustan Jade 90

Ⅳ.THE EXCHANGE OF MUTUAL INFLUENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND HINDUSTAN JADE 93

1.The Influence of Hindustan Jade on Chinese Jade-carving 93

2.Changes in Hindustan Jade-carving 96

3.Summary of the Evidence 100

Ⅴ.CONCLUSIONS 101

NOTES 105

(NOTE ON THE APPENDIX) 110

LIST OF FIGURES 111