中国文化导读 英文版PDF电子书下载

Part 1　Basic National Conditions and History 3

Chapter 1　Geography of China&Xiaoxia Mao 3

Section 1　Area and Position 3

Section 2　Physical Features 4

Section 3　Climatic Characteristics 5

Section 4　General Introduction of Rivers 6

Chapter 2　Chinese Culture's Formation and Development&Xiaoxia Mao 8

Section 1　Prehistoric Culture 8

Section 2　The Xia,the Shang and the Western Zhou Dynasties 8

Section 3　The Spring and the Autumn Period,the Warring States Period 9

Section 4　The Qin and the Han Dynasties 9

Section 5　The Wei and the Jin,the Northern and the Southern Dynasties 10

Section 6　The Sui and Tang Dynasties 11

Section 7　The Song,Liao,Xia,Jin and Yuan Dynasties 11

Section 8　The Ming and the Qing Dynasties 12

Part 2　Ancient Capital Cities—Epitome of the History 17

Chapter 3　Beijing—an Ancient and Modern Capital City&Xiaoxia Mao,Xuefei Yang,and Frits Buijs 17

Section 1　Beijing as an Ancient Capital 17

Section 2　Beijing as a Modern City 19

Section 3　Beijing's World Cultural Heritage 24

Section 4　Beijing's Hutong and Siheyuan 31

Section 5　Museums 37

Chapter 4　Xi'an—an Ancient Capital City,the World's 8th Wonder&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 46

Section 1　Ancient Capital Xian'yang 46

Section 2　Ancient Capital Chang'an(present Xi'an) 47

Section 3　Qin Mausoleum 49

Section 4　the World's 8th Wonder 52

Section 5　Secret of Famen Temple 55

Part 3 Philosophy and Religion 59

Chapter 5 Great Thinkers in the Warring States Period&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 59

Section 1 Confucius Confucianism(551—479 B.C.) 59

Section 2 Mencius(372—289 B.C.) 64

Section 3 Mo-tse(468—376 B.C.) 65

Section 4 Xun Zi(about 313—238 B.C.) 65

Section 5 Han Fei Zi(280—233 B.C.) 66

Section 6 Sun Zi(Sun Wu) 67

Chapter 6 Lao Zi,Zhuang Zi and Taoism&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 68

Section 1 Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi 68

Section 2 Taoism 72

Chapter 7 Buddhism&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 76

Section 1 Origin 76

Section 2 Main Teachings 77

Section 3 Schools in China 78

Section 4 Evolution and Development of Chinese Buddhism 79

Section 5 Influence of Buddhism in Chinese Culture 80

Section 6 Spreading in Asian Countries 81

Part 4 Civilization and Culture 85

Chapter 8 Chinese Characters&Xiaoxia Mao 85

Chapter 9 Chinese Calligraphy&Xiaoxia Mao and Helen Yang 87

Section 1 Important Part of Traditional Chinese Culture 87

Section 2 Long History 89

Section 3 Master Pieces of Calligraphy 91

Chapter 10 Chinese Painting and It's Component Parts&Xiaoxia Mao and Helen Yang 93

Section 1 Traditional Chinese Painting 93

Section 2 Calligraphy's Relationship with Chinese Painting 96

Section 3 Engraving(Seal)and Chinese Painting 97

Chapter 11 Traditional Chinese Medicine&Frits Buijs and Xiaoxia Mao 98

Section 1 A Brief History of TCM and Its Development 98

Section 2 Basic Fundamental Theories 99

Section 3 Health Preservation 101

Section 4 Cultural Features and Practical Ways of Health Preservation 102

Section 5 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 104

Section 6 Qi Gong（气功） 104

Section 7 Herb Study and Bone-Setting 105

Section 8 A Brief Review of the Ancient TCM Books 106

Section 9 Differences between Chinese and Western Medicine 107

Chapter 12 Education&Xiaoxia Mao and Catherine Gu 110

Section 1 Imperial System in Ancient Times 110

Section 2 Testing in Modern China 112

Section 3 History of Traditional Chinese Education 115

Section 4 Approach to Education Today 118

Chapter 13 Traditional Chinese Architecture Art&Xiaoxia Mao,Catherine Gu and Min Li 121

Section 1 Palace 121

Section 2 Gardening 124

Section 3 Temple 130

Section 4 Typical Representatives 133

Part 5 Science and Technology 139

Chapter 14 Ancient Contribution to the World&Xiaoxia Mao 139

Section 1 Astronomy 139

Section 2 Mathematics 140

Section 3 Shipbuilding and Invention of Compass 141

Section 4 Paper-making and Printing Technology 141

Section 5 Gunpowder 142

Section 6 Water Conservancy Project 142

Section 7 Bridges 143

Section 8 Earliest Exploration of Flying 143

Section 9 Metallurgy 144

Section 10 Bell Culture—Representative of Metallurgy Technique 144

Part 6 Literature and Art 151

Chapter 15 Poetry&Xiaoxia Mao and Min Li 151

Section 1 The Spring-Autumn Period(the 6th and 7th century B.C.) 151

Section 2 Poetry of the South and"Fu"in the Han Dynasty 153

Section 3 Poetry in the Wei and the Jin Dynasties 155

Section 4 Radiant Poetry in the Tang Dynasty:the five-character poetry 155

Section 5 Splendid Song Poems 162

Section 6 Poetry in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties 163

Section 7 Contemporary Poetry 165

Chapter 16 Fiction&Xiaoxia Mao and Min Li 166

Section 1 Famous Novels in the Ming Dynasty 167

Section 2 Novels of the Qing Dynasty 169

Section 3 Contemporary Novels 171

Chapter 17 Chinese Mythology and Legend&Xiaoxia Mao and Catherine Gu 174

Section 1 Main Features 174

Section 2 Myths of Heroes 175

Section 3 Mythological Storied Related with the Sun and the Moon 177

Section 4 Ancestors:Yandi and Huangdi 178

Chapter 18 Drama&Xiaoxia Mao and Catherine Gu 181

Section 1 the Origin and Development of the Traditional Chinese Drama 181

Section 2 History of Beijing Opera 182

Section 3 Major Features of Beijing Opera 183

Section 4 Different Types of Beijing Opera 184

Section 5 Four Main Roles of Beijing Opera 184

Section 6 Beijing Opera Today 186

Chapter 19 Industrial Arts&Xiaoxia Mao and Helen Yang 187

Section 1 Pottery and Porcelain 187

Section 2 Jade 189

Section 3 Cloisonné("Jingtai Blue") 192

Section 4 Silk and Embroidery 193

Section 5 Paper-cutting 195

Chapter 20 Martial Arts&Frits Buijs and Xiaoxia Mao 197

Section 1 Origin and Development 198

Section 2 Moral Character Cultivation and Chinese Philosophy 200

Section 3 Qi Gong 202

Section 4 Martial Arts and the Stage Art of Drama 202

Part 7 Tradition and Customs 205

Chapter 21 Chinese Culinary Culture&Xiaoxia Mao and Helen Yang 205

Section 1 Origin 205

Section 2 Northern Schools 208

Section 3 Sichuan School 211

Section 4 Jiang-Zhe School 212

Section 5 Southern School 212

Section 6 Daily Dishes 213

Chapter 22 Tea Culture&Xiaoxia Mao and Catherine Gu 215

Section 1 Long History 215

Section 2 Chinese Tea Culture 216

Section 3 the Custom of Drinking Tea 217

Section 4 Kinds of Tea 218

Section 5 Spread of Chinese Tea 219

Chapter 23 Wine Culture&Xiaoxia Mao and Catherine Gu 221

Section 1 Origin and Development 221

Section 2 Influence of Wine on Politics,Literature and Art 222

Section 3 Wine as Social Custom 223

Section 4 Kinds of Wine 224

Chapter 24 Major Traditional Festivals and Their Tales&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 227

Section 1 Spring Festival 227

Section 2 Lantern Festival(Yuan Xiao Festival,Shangyuan Festival) 231

Section 3 Pure Brightness Festival(Tomb-sweeping Day,Spring Outing Day) 233

Section 4 Dragon Boat Festival 234

Section 5 Mid-Autumn Festival(Family Reunion Festival) 236

Section 6 Double Ninth Day(Chong Yang Festival) 237

Chapter 25 Different Dragon Cultures&Xiaoxia Mao Miao,Zhang Miao,Jonathan Hoddinott and Adam A.Marx 239

Section 1 The Origin of the Chinese Dragon 240

Section 2 Dragon Image and the Royal Class 241

Section 3 Dragon and Folk Customs 241

Section 4 Dragon and the Confucian Temple 242

Part 8 China—a Big Family of 56 Nationalities 245

Chapter 26 Minority&Xiaoxia Mao,Miao Zhang and Xuefei Yang 245

Section 1 History of Their Development 245

Section 2 Policy of the Central Government 246

Section 3 Some Minorities 248

Chapter 27 Mysterious Tibet&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Bujis 257

Section 1 World Eave 257

Section 2 Lhasa 260

Section 3 Tibetan History 263

Section 4 Religion 265

Section 5 The Local Residents and Their Lives 266

Chapter 28 Traditional Chinese Minority Festivals&Xuefei Yang,Xiaoxia Mao and Frits Buijs 268

Section 1 Nadamu Festival 268

Section 2 Aobao-Worshipping Festival(Ebo-Worshipping Festival,the Takele'en Festival) 269

Section 3 Lesser Bairam(Ruz Festival,the Festival of Feast-breaking) 270

Section 4 Corban Festival(Zai Sheng Jie,Xian Sheng Jie) 270

Section 5 Hua'er Festival(Flower Festival) 271

Section 6 Tibetan New Year 272

Section 7 Water-Splashing Festival 273

Reference 276