流体与热传递测量技术 全英文PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1　Basic Equations in Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer 1

1.1　Introduction 1

1.2　Aerodynamics 2

1.3　Heat transfer 3

1.4 Classification of measurement techniques 10

1.5　Closure 11

References 11

Measurements in Aerodynamics 15

Chapter 2　Flow Visualization 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Surface flow visualization with oil-dye technique(in air) 15

2.3 Surface flow visualization using liquid crystal(in air) 21

2.4 Flow visualization using ink-dye pigment injection(in water) 27

2.5　Other flow visualization methods 30

References 31

Chapter 3　Steady Pressure/Velocity/Flow Direction Measurements 33

3.1 Introduction 33

3.2 Static pressure measurement 33

3.3 Pressure measurements for velocity calculation in flow stream 36

3.4 Flow direction measurement using multi-hole probes 49

References 66

Chapter 4 Unsteady Pressure/Velocity Measurements 68

4.1 Introduction 68

4.2 Hot-wire anemometry 69

4.3 Strain gage pressure transducer 76

References 85

Chapter 5 Velocity Field Measurement Using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) 88

5.1 Introduction 88

5.2 General setup of PIV measurement 89

5.3 Parameters to be determined for better results 90

5.4 Error sources and uncertainty anaysis 91

References 105

Measurements in Heat Transfer 111

Chapter 6 Temperature Measurement 111

6.1 Introduction 111

6.2 Thermocouples and heat flux sensors 112

6.3 Calibration 115

References 120

Chapter 7 Temperature Mapping Using Thermochromic Liquid Crystal(TLC) 122

7.1 Surface temperature mapping 122

7.2 Properties of thermochromic liquid crystal 122

7.3 Application of thermochromic liquid crystal 123

7.4 Illumination 124

7.5 Calibration 124

7.6 Post image analysis for heat transfer coefficients 126

References 145

Chapter 8 Temperature Mapping Using Infrared(IR)Thermography 147

8.1 Introduction 147

8.2 Principles 147

8.3 Calibration 148

8.4 Comments 151

8.5 Correction for non-perpendicular viewing angle 157

References 160

Chapter 9 Experimental Uncertainty Analysis 162

9.1 Introduction 162

9.2 Random errors 163

9.3 Bias(systematic)errors 171

References 172

Appendix Ⅰ Fortran Code 173

Appendix Ⅱ Color Plates 179