物理 第2册PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Mechanical Energy 1

1　Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy 2

2　Conversion of Kinetic Energy and Gravitational Energy 5

3　Utilization of Water Energy and Wind Energy 8

Chapter 2 Kinetic Molecular Theory Internal Energy 14

1　Preliminary Knowledge of Kinetic Molecular Theory 15

2　Internal Energy 18

3　Doing Work and Change of Internal Energy 20

4　Heat Transfer and Change of Internal Energy Heat 23

5　Specific Heat Capacity 25

6　Calculation of Heat 28

7　Law of Conservation of Energy 29

Reading Material:Process of Recognizing the Nature of Heat 32

Little Experiments:Molecular Motion 34

Molecular Force 34

Chapter 3 Utilization of Internal Energy Heat Engine 37

1　Fuel and Its Combustion Value 38

2　Utilization of Internal Energy 40

3　Combustion Engine 43

4　Rockets 46

5　Efficiency of Heat Engine 48

6　Utilization of Internal Energy and Environment Protection 50

Reading Material:Development of Heat Engines 52

Chapter 4 Electric Circuit 56

1 Electrification by Friction Two Kinds of Electric Charges 57

2 Principle of Electrification by Friction Atomic Structure 60

3 Formation of Electric Current 62

4 Conductor and Insulator 65

5 Electric Circuit and Circuit Diagram 69

6 Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit 73

7 Experiment:Constructions of a Series Circuit and a Parallel Circuit 75

Reading Material:New Types of Batteries 77

Little Experiment:Switching Circuit for the Light in Stairway 79

Chapter 5 Electric Current 83

1 Electric Current 84

2 Ammeter 87

3 Experiment:Measure Electric Current with Ammeter 91

Reading Material:Ampere—A Hardworking and Absorbed Scientist 94

Chapter 6 Voltage 98

1 Voltage 99

2 Voltmeter 102

3 Experiment:Measure Voltage with Voltmeter 105

Chapter 7 Resistance 110

1 Resisting Effect of Conductors to Electric Current—Resistance 111

2 Rheostat 116

3 Semiconductor 121

4 Superconduction 122

Reading Material:Diode 123

Little Experiment:Control the Brightness of a Small Bulb with a Self-made Rheostat 125

Chapter 8 Ohm Law 128

1 Relationship among Electric Current,Voltage and Resistance 129

2 Ohm Law 131

3 Experiment:Measure Resistance with Voltmeter and Ammeter 134

4 Series Connection of Resistors 135

5 Parallel Connection of Resistors 139

Reading Material:Ohm's Persevering Spirit 141

Little Experiment:Series-to-parallel Transition of Two Bulbs 142

Chapter 9 Elcetric Work and Electric Power 145

1 Electric Work 146

2 Electric Power 150

3 Experiment:Measure the Electric Power of a Small Bulb 154

4 Calculation of Electric Power 155

5 Joule Law 157

6 Effects of Electric Heat 161

Little Experiments:Measure Electric Power with an Electric Energy Meter 163

Measure the Electric Energy Consumed by a Refrigerator in a Day 164

Chapter 10 Electrics in Daily Life 168

1 Household Circuits 169

2 Reasons for Excessive Current in Household Circuits 174

3 Safe Use of Electricity 177

Reading Material:Edison and Incandescent Bulb 182

Observation·Practice·Investigation 183

Chapter 11 Electricity and Magnetism(Ⅰ) 186

1 Simple Magnetic Phenomena 187

2 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Induction Line 190

3 Geomagnetic Field 193

4 Magnetic Field of Electric Current 194

5 Experiment:Study of Electromagnet 197

6 Electromagnetic Relay 200

7 Telephone 202

Reading Material:Achievements of Magnetism in Ancient China 203

Little Experiments:Make a Compass by Yourself 205

Magnetization of Iron Nails with Electric Current 205

Make an Electric Bell by Yourself 206

Chapter 12 Electricity and Magnetism(Ⅱ) 210

1 Electromagnetic Induction 211

2 Electric Generator 214

3 Effects of Magnetic Field on Electric Current 217

4 Direct Current Electric Motor 220

5 Advantages of Electric Energy 224

Reading Materials:The Great Physicist—Michael Faraday 227

Transmission of Electric Energy 228

Little Experiment:Little Electric Motor 231

Chapter 13 General Knowledge of Wireless Communication 234

1 Electromagnetic Wave 235

2 Wireless Broadcast and Television 239

3 Laser Communication 241

Reading Material:Propagating Ways of Radio Waves 243

Chapter 14 Exploitation and Utilization of Energy Sources 247

1 Energy Sources 248

2 Composition of Nucleus 251

3 Nuclear Energy 254

4 Nuclear Power Station 256

5 Solar Energy 258

6 Energy Conservation 260

Reading Material:Solar Energy Stove·Methane Stove·Heat Preserving Kang 263

Physics Practical Activities and Physics Science Lectures 267

1 Physics Practical Activities 268

2 Physics Science Lectures 282

Appendix:Physics Quantities and Their Units in the Book 283

Some Terms in the Book with Chinese Translation 284