水文信息技术与水库水资源模型研究PDF电子书下载

ABSTRACT 1

PREFACE 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1

PART I HYDROLOGY ELEMENTS MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION 1

CHAPTER 1 PRECIPITATOIN 3

1.1 Measurement of Precipitation 3

1.2 Extending Point Rainfall Record 11

1.3 Regional average Precipitation 13

1.4 Depth-Area-Duration Analysis 15

CHAPTER 2 STEAMFLOW MEASUREMENT　 16

2.1 Water Storage　 16

2.2 Discharge　 17

2.3 Storage-Discharge Relations　 21

2.4 Interpretation of Stream Flow Data　 22

CHAPTER 3 STREAM FLOW HYDROGRAPHS　 26

3.1 Component of Runoff　 26

3.2 Hydrograph Separation　 28

3.3 Analysis of Complex Hydrographs　 30

3.4 Determination of Total Runoff　 31

3.5 the Elemental Hydrograph　 31

3.6 The Unit-Hydrograph　 31

3.7 Derivation of Unit-Hydrograph　 34

3.8 The Conversion of Unit-Hydrograph Duration　 36

3.9 Application of Unit Hydrographs　 38

CHAPTER 4 RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATION IN REGIONS　 41

4.1 Modes of Runoff Generation　 41

4.2 the Rainfall-Runoff Relation for The Runoff Generation at Nature Storage　 44

4.3 Computation of The Watershed Moisture Storage　 49

4.4 Prediction of Runoff Yield　 52

CHAPTER 5 HYDROLOGIC ROUTING　 55

5.1 Wave Movement　 55

5.2 Waves in Natural Channels　 57

5.3 The Storage Equation　 58

5.4 Determination of Storage　 60

5.5 Treatment of Local Inflow　 61

5.6 Reservoir Routing　 62

5.7 Routing in River Channels　 64

5.8 Channel Routing：Analytical Methods　 65

5.9 Gage Relations　 67

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN FLOOD　 69

6.1 Design Flood Based on Stream Flow Data　 69

6.2 Estimation of Design Flood Based on Rainfall Data 79

6.3 The Simple Methods of Design Flood Estimation 83

PART Ⅱ DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF RESERVOIRS 88

CHAPTER 7 THE WATER SUPPLY FUNCTION：SINGLE RESERVOIR 91

7.1 Water Supply with Constant Release 91

7.2 Evaporation Accounting Added to the Basic Model 95

7.3 Water Supply and Flood Control　 97

7.4 Water Supply with Monthly Varying Release　 99

7.5 Water Supply Operating Rules and Simulation　 100

CHAPTER 8 THE WATER SUPPLY FUNCTION：MULTIPLE RESERVOIRS　 105

8.1 Introduction　 105

8.2 Maximizing Yield with Reservoirs in Place　 106

8.3 Monthly Contributions Do Not Vary Year to Year　 107

8.4 Monthly Contributions vary year to year　 109

8.5 Cost Minimization Given a System Yield Requirement　 119

8.6 Conclusion　 122

CHAPTER9 THE NYDROPOWER FUNCTION 124

9.1 Achieving a Firm Energy Supply：Single Reservoir 124

9.2 The Storage-Energy Curve 128

9.3 Maximizing Annual Production or Revenues：Single Reservoir 132

9.4 Variably Priced Energy Output：Single Reservoir 135

9.5 Hydropower Production in Multiple Reservoirs 137

CHAPTER 10 COST ALLOCATION AND STAGING/SEQUENCING 141

10.1 Cost Allocation in Water Supply 1541

10.2 Cost Allocation in Multiple-Purpose Reservoirs 147

10.3 Time Staging of Water Supply Alternatives 149

10.4 A Zero-One Programming Formulation 150

10.5 An Exact Algorithm for Staging Under Lineal Growth 153

10.6 Time Staging and Cost Allocation 156

CHAPTER 11 INTEGRATING RESERVOIR SERVICES 157

11.1 Modeling the Multipurpose Reservoir 158

11.2 The Irrigation Objective 160

11.3 The Recreation Objective 163

CHAPTER 12 ALLOCATING RESERVOIR SERVICES AMONG WATER SUPPLY，FLOOD CONTROL，AND HYDROPOWER：THE DETERMINISTIC FLOW ENVIRONMENT 167

12.1 Introduction 167

12.2 Allocation between Water Supply and Flood Control 168

12.3 Allocation Extended to Water Supply，Flood Control, and Hydropower 176

12.4 Excess Energy Adds Negligible Value 177

12.5 Excess Energy Has Value 179

12.6 Excess Energy Valued and a Rule Curve Determined 179

CHAPTER 13 ACHIEVING A RELIABLE WATER SUPPLY WITH CHANCE-CONSTRAINED PROGRAMMING AND EVENT RESPONSIVE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT 183

13.1 Introduction 183

13.2 Problem Settings for the Reliability Constrained Models 185

13.3 Comparison of this Approach to Design Using Synthetic Hydrology 195

13.4 The Duration of a Drought 202

13.5 Computational Experience 206

Summary 214

CHAPTER 14 REVISITING ALLOCATION WITH THE NEW MODEL ENFORCING A RELIABILITY REQUIREMENT 215

14.1 Introduction 215

14.2 Reliability-Constrained Models for Allocating Water Supply and Flood Storage 216

14.3 Discussion 218

14.4 Water Supply，Flood Control，and Hydropower 219

CHAPTER 15 THE REALLOCATION OF RESERVOIR SERVICES USING THE RELIABILITY-CONSTRAINED RESERVOIR MODEL 222

15.1 Introduction 222

15.2 Reliability-Constrained Models for Reallocating Water Supply Storage and Flood Storage 223

15.3 Reallocation of Water Supply,Flood Control and Hydropower Services Using the Reliability-Constrained Model 225

15.4 Flood Control Reliability 227

BIBLIOGRAPHY 229