实用英语写作PDF电子书下载
- 电子书积分:11 积分如何计算积分?
- 作 者:冯秀红主编
- 出 版 社:南京:东南大学出版社
- 出版年份:2008
- ISBN:9787564112578
- 页数:279 页
Chapter 1 Vocabulary 1
1.1 Levels of Words(词的类型) 1
Practice 1.1 2
1.2 General & Specific(笼统词汇与具体词汇) 3
Practice 1.2 4
1.3 Denotation & Connotation(原义与涵义) 4
1.4 Synonyms(同义词) 5
1.5 Rules of Diction(选词的规则) 7
Practice 1.3 9
1.6 Some Good Dictionaries(一些好辞典) 16
Chapter 2 English Sentence Writing 18
2.1 Types of Sentences(英语句子的类型) 18
2.1.1 According to Structure(根据结构) 18
2.1.2 According to Use(根据功能) 21
2.1.3 According to Rhetoric(根据修辞) 22
Practice 2.1 23
2.2 Sentence Expansion(句子的扩展) 24
2.2.1 Addition(增添法) 25
2.2.2 Coordination(并列法) 28
2.2.3 Subordination(从属法) 28
Practice 2.2 31
2.3 Effective Sentences(表现力强的句子) 32
2.3.1 Unity(统一) 32
2.3.2 Coherence(连贯) 32
2.3.3 Conciseness(简洁) 34
2.3.4 Emphasis(强调) 35
2.3.5 Variety(多样) 36
Practice 2.3 39
2.4 Main Mistakes in Grammar in Writing(常见语法错误) 40
2.4.1 Misused Parts of Speech(用错词性) 40
2.4.2 Sentence Fragments(残缺句) 40
2.4.3 Run-on Sentences(流水句) 41
2.4.4 Misplaced Modifiers & Dangling Modifiers(误置修饰语与悬垂结构) 41
2.4.5 Problems in Agreement and Reference(一致与指代) 41
Practice 2.4 42
Chapter 3 English Paragraph Writing 43
3.1 Paragraph Structure(段落结构) 43
3.1.1 Topic Sentence Composing(写作段落主题句) 43
Practice 3.1 45
3.2 Composing Effective Paragraphs(写作精彩段落) 46
3.2.1 Paragraph Unity(段落统一性) 47
Practice 3.2.1 50
3.2.2 Paragraph Coherence(段落连贯性) 51
3.2.2.1 Ordering Ideas for Coherence(合理排序) 53
3.2.2.1.1 General-to-Specific Order—Deductive Order(从一般到具体:演绎法) 54
3.2.2.1.2 Specific-to-General Order—Inductive Order(从具体到概述:归纳法) 54
3.2.2.1.3 Emphatic Order—Order of Importance(按照重要程度排序突出强调重点) 56
3.2.2.1.4 Spatial Order—Order of Space(按照空间顺序排序) 57
3.2.2.1.5 Chronological Order—Order of Time(按照时间顺序排序) 58
3.2.2.1.6 Combined Types of Order(各种排序法综合使用) 59
3.2.2.2 Parallelism(排比结构) 59
3.2.2.3 Repetition,Restatement,and Variation(重复关键词和词组、重新陈述以及词的同义及词型转换) 60
3.2.2.4 Pronouns Substituted for Key Nouns(用代词替换主要名词) 62
3.2.2.5 Transition Words and Phrases(过渡词和词组) 62
3.2.2.6 All Devices for Achieving Coherence Combined(综合使用实现段落连贯性的各种技巧) 65
3.2.2.7 Coherence Through Transition between Paragraphs(运用适当过渡技巧保持段落之间连贯性) 66
3.2.2.7.1 Repeat a Word or Idea from the Last Paragraph in the First Sentence of the New Paragraph(在新段落段首句中重复上一段某个词或观点) 67
3.2.2.7.2 To Connect Paragraphs with Transitional Words or Phrases(用过渡词或词组来连接两个段落) 67
3.2.2.7.3 To Demonstrate the Relationships between Paragraphs with Parallel Structures(运用排比结构来展示段落之间关系) 67
3.2.2.8 Consistency for Coherence(段落连贯的前后一致性) 69
Practice 3.2.2 69
3.3 Paragraph Development(段落展开) 71
3.3.1 Develop with Specific Details & Examples(通过列举细节和举例充分展开段落) 71
3.3.2 Develop by Narration(通过叙述展开段落) 73
3.3.3 Develop by Description(通过描述展开段落) 73
3.3.4 Develop by Process(通过解释过程展开段落) 74
3.3.5 Develop by Cause and Effect(通过阐述因果关系展开段落) 75
3.3.6 Develop by Comparison and Contrast(运用比较和对照展开段落) 75
3.3.7 Develop by Classification and Division(通过归类和分类展开段落) 77
3.3.8 Develop by Definition(通过陈述定义展开段落) 78
3.3.9 Develop by Space(通过描述空间顺序展开段落) 78
Practice 3.3 79
Chapter 4 English Essay Writing 80
4.1 Structure of English Essays(文章结构) 80
4.1.1 Introductory/Opening Paragraph(引言) 81
4.1.2 Body Paragraphs(正文) 82
4.1.3 Concluding Paragraph(结尾) 82
4.2 Writing Process(写作步骤) 83
4.2.1 Planning an Essay(构思) 83
4.2.2 Designing Outlines(列提纲) 84
4.2.3 Writing the First Draft(写初稿) 86
4.2.4 Revising the First Draft(修改初稿) 86
4.2.5 Making the Final Copy(定稿) 86
4.3 Types of English Essays(文章种类) 87
4.3.1 Narration(记叙文) 87
Practice 4.1 90
4.3.2 Description(描写文) 91
4.3.2.1.Description of a Person(人物描写) 92
4.3.2.2.Description of an Object(物状描写) 93
4.3.2.3.Description of a Place(地点描写) 94
4.3.2.4.Description of a Scene(情景描写) 95
Practice 4.2 96
4.3.3 Exposition(说明文) 96
4.3.3.1.Definition(定义法) 97
4.3.3.2.Illustration(例证法) 98
Practice 4.3 99
4.3.3.3.Classification and Division(归类与分类法) 100
4.3.3.4.Comparison and Contrast(比较和对比法) 101
Practice 4.4 103
4.3.3.5.Cause and Effect(因果关系说明法) 105
4.3.3.6.Process Analysis(过程分析法) 106
Practice 4.5 108
4.3.4 Argumentation(议论文) 110
4.3.4.1.Induction(归纳法) 110
4.3.4.2.Deduction(演绎法) 112
4.3.4.3.Analogy(类比法) 114
4.3.4.4.Analysis and Contrast(分析对比法) 115
Practice 4.6 116
Chapter 5 Punctuation 119
5.1 The Comma(逗号) 119
5.2 The Period(句号) 120
5.3 The Semicolon(分号) 121
5.4 The Colon(冒号) 122
5.5 The Question Mark(问号) 122
5.6 The Quotation Mark(引号) 122
5.7 The Exclamation Mark(感叹号) 124
5.8 The Dash(破折号) 124
5.9 Italics and Underline(斜体字和下画线) 125
Practice 5 126
Chapter 6 Figures of Speech 127
6.1 Literal and Figurative Language(本意及比喻意义) 127
6.2 Figures Based on Resemblance in Image(根据不同对象相似点所作比喻) 127
Practice 6.1 130
6.3 Figures Based on Association and Contrast(根据联想和对比所作修辞) 132
Practice 6.2 136
6.4 Figures Based on other Relations(根据其他联系所作修辞) 136
Practice 6.3 140
6.5 Figures Based on Similarity in Sound(根据读音相似所作修辞) 140
Practice 6.4 142
Chapter 7 Summary Writing 143
7.1 Benefits of Summary Writing(写概要的好处) 143
7.2 The Form of Summary(概要的形式) 143
7.3 Standards for a Good Summary(好概要的标准) 143
7.4 Steps in Writing a Summary(概要写作步骤) 144
7.5 Some Useful Expressions & Structures in a Summary(写概要中一些有用的表达和结构) 144
Practice 7 145
Chapter 8 English Letters 147
8.1 The Structure(结构) 147
8.1.1 Heading(信头) 147
8.1.2 The Inside Address(信内地址) 147
8.1.3 The Salutation(称呼) 147
8.1.4 The Body(信的主体) 148
8.1.5 Complimentary Close(客套敬语或结束语) 148
8.1.6 The Signature(签名) 148
8.1.7 The Enclosure and the Postscript(附函和附言) 148
8.2 Three Main Forms(三种主要格式) 149
8.2.1 The Blocked Form(齐头式) 149
8.2.2 The Indented Form(缩进式或斜列式) 149
8.2.3 The Modified Form(混合式) 150
8.3 Capital Letters and Punctuations in Letter Writing(书信写作中的大写字母和标点) 150
8.4 Opening and Concluding Sentences(启头句和结尾句) 151
8.5 Addressing an Envelope(信封的书写) 152
Practice 8.1 153
Chapter 9 Personal Letters 154
9.1 Family Letters(家书) 154
9.2 Friendly Letters(朋友书信) 155
9.3 Love Letters(情书) 156
Practice 9 158
Chapter 10 Social Letters(社交信函) 160
10.1 Letters of Invitation(邀请函) 160
10.1.1 Invitation Card(请柬) 160
10.1.2 Formal and Informal Letters of Invitation(正式和非正式的邀请信) 163
Practice 10.1 165
10.2 Other Social Letters(其他社交信函) 166
10.2.1 Letters of Thanks(感谢信) 166
10.2.2 Letters of Congratulations(祝贺信) 167
10.2.3 Letter of Complaints(投诉信) 168
10.2.4 Letters of Apologies(道歉信) 171
10.2.5 Letters of Condolence(吊唁信) 173
Practice 10.2 174
Chapter 11 Writing for Application 176
11.1 The Writing of a Resume(简历的撰写) 176
11.1.1 The Structure of a Resume(简历的结构) 176
11.1.2 Format of a Resume(简历的格式) 178
11.1.3 Language(简历用语) 183
11.1.4 Expressions Commonly Used in a Resume(简历常用英语词汇) 183
Practice 11.1 186
11.2 The Letter of Job Application(求职信) 188
11.3 A Reply to the Application Letter for Further Interview(复试通知) 191
11.4 Accepting and Declining a Job Offer(应职信) 191
11.4.1 Acceptance of a Job Offer(接受聘任) 191
11.4.2 Refusal Letter of a Job Offer(拒绝受聘) 192
Practice 11.2 194
11.5 The Letter of Recommendation(推荐信) 195
Practice 11.3 196
Chapter 12 Notes,Memos,Notices and Posters 197
12.1 Appointments(约会类便条) 197
12.2 Apologies(道歉类便条) 197
12.3 Invitations(邀请类便条) 197
12.4 Thanks(感谢类便条) 198
12.5 Message(留言) 198
12.6 Asking for Leave(请假条) 198
12.7 Note of Receipt(收条) 199
12.8 IOU(欠条) 199
12.9 Informal and Formal Memos(备忘录) 199
12.10 Notices and Posters(通知与海报) 202
Practice 12 206
Chapter 13 Advertisements 208
13.1 Advertising and Advertising English(广告及广告英语) 208
13.2 Headline(标题) 208
13.3 Body Copy(正文) 209
13.4 Slogan or Tag Lines(口号) 210
13.5 Linguistic Features of Advertising English(广告英语的语言特色) 210
13.5.1 Lexical Features of Advertising English(广告英语的词汇特色) 210
13.5.2 Rhetorical Features of Advertising English(广告英语的修辞特色) 211
13.6 Employment Advertisement(招聘广告) 212
13.7 Commonly-used Terms for Advertising(常用英文广告术语) 214
Practice 13 215
Chapter 14 Contract 216
14.1 Some Key Provisions in Contracts(合同中的关键要素) 216
14.2 Denotation in Contracts(合同主体和客体的指称表达) 217
14.3 Word Use in Contracts(英语合同的用词特点) 217
14.4 A Sales Contract(买卖合同) 220
14.5 Employment Contract(聘用合同) 221
Practice 14 225
Chapter 15 Certificate Writing 226
15.1 Structure of Certificates(证明的构成) 226
15.2 Certificate of Educational Background(学历证明) 227
15.3 Certificate of Grade Report(成绩证明) 227
15.4 Health Certificate(健康证明) 227
15.5 Identity Certificate(身份证明) 228
15.6 Certificate of Enrollment(注册证明) 228
15.7 Graduation Certificate(毕业证明) 228
15.8 Degree Certificate(学位证明) 229
Practice 15 229
Chapter 16 Pretco Writing 230
16.1 A Brief Introduction to Pretco Writing(应用能力写作测试简介) 230
16.2 Fax(传真) 231
16.3 E-mail(电子邮件) 232
16.4 Inquiry(询盘) 234
16.5 Offer(报盘) 234
16.6 Order(订单) 235
Practice 16 236
Chapter 17 English Composition for CET-4&6 239
17.1 大纲要求 239
17.2 评分标准 239
17.3 备考建议 239
17.4 真题分析 240
Practice 17 243
Chapter 18 IELTS Writing 245
18.1 Brief Introduction to IELTS(雅思考试简介) 245
18.2 IELTS Writing(雅思考试写作) 245
18.3 Marking and Assessment(打分和评估) 246
18.4 Samples(举例) 247
18.4.1 Writing Task One:Line Graph(线状图) 247
18.4.2 Writing Task One:Pie(饼状图) 249
18.4.3 Writing Task One:Table(表格题) 250
18.4.4 Writing Task One:Diagram(流程图) 251
18.4.5 Writing Task Two 252
Practice 18 253
附录1 Reference Answers 255
附录2 主要参考书目 279
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