RULE OF LAW IN A STATE OF EMERGENCYPDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

The Paris Minimum Standards: eight years of study by theILA 1

The structure of the present study 7

1 Section A Emergency: Declaration, Duration and Control 11

Public emergency and allied concepts: a generic term 12

Public emergency envisaged in three different situations 15

Public emergency resulting from political crises 22

ILA's definition of public emergency: four basic elements 24

Existence of emergency: European precedents 29

Three general principles to prevent abuse of emergen powers 36

The threshold issue: the legitimacy of a government competent to declare and maintain emergency 36

Paris Minimum Standards: the declaration, duration and termination of emergency 41

Aberrations from reference model 45

The role of the legislature in an emergency regime 55

Termination of emergency 57

The scope of judicial review 57

2 Section B Emergency Powers and the Protection of the Individual 89

General Principles 89

A: The power to take derogatory measures: five conditions precedent 90

The notification of derogation 91

The rule of proportionality 101

Consistency with other international law obligations 119

The principle of non-discrimination 121

Non-derogable rights and freedoms 128

B: The role of the legislature: six norms in the Paris Minimum Standards 129

C: The importance of an independent judiciary in time of emergency 130

Undermining its independence: four ways 131

The role of the judiciary and the independence of the legal profession: the Paris Miminum Standards 139

3 Section C Non-Derogable Rights and Freedoms: Draft Articles 1—16 143

The principle of emergency-proof non-derogable rights 143

Paris Minimum Standards: the ILA's dynamic mosaic of sixteen non-derogable rights 146

Appendices 265

Index 279