Pricing and EquilibriumPDF电子书下载

Ⅰ．THE ECONOMIC PLAN OF THE HOUSEHOLD 1

1．The Determinants of the Household＇s Consumption plan 1

2．The Quantitative Relationships between Demand，Tastes，Prices and Total Consumption-Spending 4

3．The Derivation of the Individual Demand Function and the Indifference Map of the Household 8

4．Elasticity of Demand with respect to Price and Income 19

5．The Relation between Individual Monetary Demand and Physical Demand 28

6．The Derivation of the Aggregate Demand Function from the Individual Demand Functions 36

7．The Micro-Economic and the Macro-Economic Consumption Function 37

8．The Long-Term Economic Plan of the Household(Dynamic Demand Functions) 44

Ⅱ．THE ECONOMIC PLAN OF THE FIRM 48

A．Objectives，Modes of Behaviour and Forms of Market 48

1．The Objectives of the Firm 48

2．The Modes of Behaviour of the Firm 49

a．The Behaviour of the Quantity-Adjuster 49

b．Price Fixing on the Basis of an Expected Price-Sales Relation 50

c．Fixing the Quantity of Sales on the Basis of an Expected Sales Relation 54

d．The Fixing or Accepting of Options 54

e．Economic Warfare：Strategy and Manoeuvre 55

3．Competition between Sellers 55

4．Location of Production and Sales Area：an Example of Heterogeneous Competition 62

B．The Revenue Plan of the Firm for a Single Economic Period 70

1．The Revenue Plan of a Seller Acting as a Quantity-Adjuster 70

2．The Revenue Plan of a Seller Facing an Expected Price-Sales Relation 71

3．The Revenue Plan of a Multi-Product Firm Supplying＂Made-to-Order＂Goods 78

C．The Cost Plan of a Going Firm for a Single Economic Period(The Short-Term Cost Plan) 78

1．The Cost Plan of a Single-Product Firm 78

2．The Cost Plan of a Multi-Product Firm 92

D．The Profit Plan of a Going Firm for a Single Economic Period(The Short-Term Profit Plan) 98

(ⅰ)The Profit Plan of a Single-Product Firm 98

1．The Profit Plan of a Firm Acting as a Quantity-Adjuster 98

2．The Profit Plan of a Seller Facing an Expected Price-Sales Relation 109

3．The Problem of Price Discrimination 120

(ⅱ)The Profit Plan of a Multi-Product Firm 129

E．The Production Function as the Basis of Cost Planning 139

1．Linear-Limitational Factors 140

2．Continuously Substitutable Factors 144

a．Returns to Scale Functions(Returns Functions When the Scale Varies) 148

b．Returns Functions When Factors Vary Partially(Variation of One Substitute Factor On Its Own) 152

c．The Minimum Cost Combination 158

d．The Profit Plan of a Firm using Substitutional and Variable Factors 171

3．Substitution between a Finite Number of Linear-Limitational Processes 184

F．The Long-Term Economic Plan of a Firm 198

Ⅲ．STATICS AND DYNAMICS IN ECONOMIC THEORY 225

Ⅳ．THE PROBLEM OF EQUILIBRIUM IN A CLOSED ECONOMY 231

A．The Concept of Economic Equilibrium 231

B．Partial Equilibrium 239

1．The Equilibrium Price of a Good with a Constant Supply Per Unit of Time 239

2．The Equilibrium Price of a Good with a Variable Supply Per Unit of Time 250

a．Variable Supply out of a given Level of Stocks 250

b．Variable Supply from Current Production 256

c．The Cobweb Problem 265

3．The Equilibrium Price of a Good Available from Given and Unchanging Stocks 271

4．The Liquidity Theory of Interest as a Partial Equilibrium Theory 276

5．The Problem of Equilibrium under a Supply Monopoly 280

6．The Problem of Equilibrium under Heterogeneous Competition between Two Suppliers 284

7．The Problem of Equilibrium under Bilateral Monopoly 299

8．The Problem of Equilibrium in the Labour Market 313

9．The Problem of Equilibrium in the Market for Land 322

C．Total Equilibrium in a Closed Economy 324

1．Partial versus Total Equilibrium 324

2．Total Equilibrium in a Stationary Exchange Economy without Production(The Case of a Pure Exchange Economy) 328

a．Exchange between Two Parties 328

b．Exchange between Three Parties 332

3．Total Equilibrium in a Stationary Exchange Economy with Production 345

4．Scheme of the General Interdependence between Economic Variables and the Data for the Whole Economy 359

FURTHER PROBLEMS 364

INDEX OF AUTHORS 367

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 369