医学与生物学用物理学 英文本PDF电子书下载

PREFACE 1

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER 1 THE ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES 6

1.1 Vectors—Scalar Product and Vector Product 6

1.2 Torque 11

1.3 Angular Variables 16

1.4 Newton's Laws for Rotational Motion 19

1.5 Kinetic Energy of Rotational Motion 24

1.6 Angular Momentum and Angular Impulse 26

1.7 Conservation of Angular Momentum 28

Problems 31

CHAPTER 2 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 34

2.1 Stress and Strain 34

2.2 Modulus of Elasticity 40

2.3 Flexion and Torsion 45

Problems 51

CHAPTER 3 THE MOTION OF FLUIDS 53

3.1 Steady Flow of Ideal Fluid 53

3.2 Bernoulli's Equation 56

3.3 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation 60

3.4 Viscous Fluid Flow 67

3.5 Blood Flow 79

Problems 82

CHAPTER 4 PHENOMENA ON LIQUID SURFACES 85

4.1 Surface Energy and Surface Tension 85

4.2 The Additional Pressure of a Curved Surface of Liquid 90

4.3 Capillary Action 95

4.4 Surfactant.Adsorption 101

Problems 104

CHAPTER 5 VIBRATIONAL MOTION AND WAVES 106

5.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 106

5.2 Damped Vibration,Forced Vibration and Resonance 115

5.3 The Combinations of Simple Harmonic Motions 119

5.4 The Effects of Vibration on Humans 124

5.5 Equation of Wave Motion 126

5.6 Energy in Waves,Intensity 131

5.7 Huygens' Principle 134

5.8 Superposition of Waves 139

Problems 145

CHAPTER 6 SOUND 150

6.1 Sound Wave 150

6.2 Intensity and Intensity Level 155

6.3 Doppler Effect 161

6.4 Ultrasound and Its Applications in Medicine 165

Problems 175

CHAPTER 7 MOLECULAR PHYSICS 178

7.1 Molecular Theory of Matter,Ideal Gas Law 178

7.2 Pressure and Energy Formula of An Ideal Gas 181

7.3 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law 187

7.4 Transport Phenomena 192

7.5 Liquid Crystal and Its Applications in Medicine 201

Problems 206

CHAPTER 8 THERMODYNAMICS 209

8.1 Thermodynamic System 209

8.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 212

8.3 Thermodynamic Processes 215

8.4 Heat Capacities and Adiabatic Process of An Ideal Gas 217

8.5 Human Metabolism 222

8.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 225

8.7 Entropy 228

8.8 Life Process and Second Law 233

Problems 235

CHAPTER 9 STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD 239

9.1 The Electric Field 239

9.2 Gauss's Law 245

9.3 Potential 250

9.4 Capacitance 258

9.5 Dielectrics 261

9.6 Membrane Potential and Charge Distribution in a Nerve Cell 265

9.7 Dipole Moment of the Heart as a Function of Time 270

9.8 The Electrocardiogram 275

Problems 277

CHAPTER 10 EIECTRIC CURRENT 281

10.1 Electric Current Intensity and Electric Current Density 281

10.2 Ohm's Law,Conductivity,Energy Dissipation 284

10.3 Electromotive Force 287

10.4 Calculation of Circuits 290

10.5 Kirchhoff's Laws 293

10.6 Circuits Contaning Resistance and Capacitance 296

10.7 Leakage Current Across the Cell Membrane 299

10.8 Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis 302

10.9 The Effects of Direct Current on the Human Body 305

Problems 309

CHAPTER 11 ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA 312

11.1 Magnetic Fields 312

11.2 The Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Field 320

11.3 The Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire 325

11.4 Magnetic Substance 331

11.5 The Application of Magnetism in Biology 339

11.6 Electromagnetic Induced Phenomena 344

11.7 Electromagnetic Waves 351

Problems 360

CHAPTER 12 THE DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL 363

12.1 Composition of Detecting System 363

12.2 Bioelectric Signals 365

12.3 Electrode and Transducer 371

12.4 The Amplification and Processing of Signal 383

12.5 The Display and Record of Signal 393

12.6 Electrical Safety 396

Problems 399

CHAPTER 13 WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT 402

13.1 Interference of Light 402

13.2 Diffraction of Light 409

13.3 Polarization of Light 421

13.4 Birefringence(Double Refraction) 431

13.5 Circular and Elliptical Polarization 434

13.6 Optical Activity 437

Problems 440

CHAPTER 14 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 443

14.1 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 443

14.2 The Thin Lens 445

14.3 The Thick Lens 449

14.4 Lens Aberrations 451

14.5 The Eye 454

14.6 Defects of Vision 458

14.7 Microscope 461

14.8 The Resolving Power of Microscope 464

14.9 Polarizing Microscopes Phase Contrast Microscopes and Fiberscopes 467

Problems 472

CHAPTER 15 RADIATION,PHOTON AND MATTER WAVE 475

15.1 Thermal Radiation 475

15.2 Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation 481

15.3 Luminescence 485

15.4 Photometry 488

15.5 The Absorption of Light 492

15.6 The Photon 495

15.7 Matter Wave 501

Problems 505

CHAPTER 16 ATOMS,MOLECULES,AND SPECTRA 507

16.1 The Bohr Atom 507

16.2 The Outline of Quantum Mechanics 513

16.3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Function 520

16.4 The Exclusion Principle and Atomic Structure 523

16.5 Atomic Energy Level and Atomic Spectra 528

16.6 Molecular Energy Level and Molecular Spectra 531

16.7 The Laser 536

Problems 541

CHAPTER 17 X-RAYS 543

17.1 Equipment Generating X-Rays 543

17.2 X-ray Spectra 546

17.3 The Intensity and Hardness of X-ray 550

17.4 X-ray Diffraction and the Structure of Biological Molecules 552

17.5 Interaction of X-ray with Matter 556

17.6 The Absorption of X-ray 559

17.7 The Applications of X-ray in Medicine 562

Problems 568

CHAPTER 18 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 570

18.1 Nuclear Structure 570

18.2 Nuclear Decay 576

18.3 The Rules of Nuclear Decay 581

18.4 The Interaction of Radiation with Matter 588

18.5 Radiation Dose 594

18.6 Radiation Detection and Measurement 599

18.7 Radiation in Medicine 603

18.8 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 607

Problems 618

APPENDIX A 620

APPENDIX B 622

APPENDIX C 624

APPENDIX D 625

APPENDIX E 629