Handbook of Electronic Control CircuitsPDF电子书下载

ALARM CIRCUITS 1

Balanced-Capacitance Antenna Alarm Protects Barbed-Wire Fence 1

Comparator Circuit for Magnetic-Tape Printer Sounds Alarm If Copy Deviates from Master 2

Failure of Picture or Sound Carrier Trips TV Transmitter Alarm 3

Conelrad Alarm Is Triggered by Loss of Receiver AVC Voltage 4

Crystal Transducers in Acoustic Chamber Detect Breaks in Moving Film 6

Electronic Highway Scale Trips Alarm If Moving Truck Is Overweight 7

Transistorized Crevasse Detector Uses A-F Transmitters and Receivers 8

AUDIO CONTROL CIRCUITS 10

Speech Rejector Differentiates between Damped Speech and Undamped Music 10

Biased-Diode Squelch Circuit Mutes Magnetic-Tape Print-Through 12

Speech-Music Discriminator Silences Radio Loudspeaker During Commercials 13

Automatic Speech Amplitude Control Provides Differentiation and Clipping 14

Automatic Fine Tuning Circuit Controls TV Sound-to-Picture Ratio 15

Heartbeats Are Made Audible by Frequency-Modulating 1,000-CPS Oscillator 18

Burst-Modulated A-F Transmitter Controls Tuned-Reed Induction Paging Receivers 18

ATHODE-RAY CONTROL CIRCUITS 20

Ferrite Disk on Engine Shaft Generates Input for Cathode-Ray Rotation Analyzer 20

Four-Thyratron Sawtooth Pulser Produces True Voltage-Current Curves on Scope 21

Electronic Shutter for TV Kinescope Recorder Passes Exactly 525 Lines 22

Isoecho Contour in Weather Radar Shows Center of Thunderstorm 23

Signal-Triggered Sweep Magnifies Pulse Widths on Scope 24

Synchronizer Feeds Transients to 12 Cathode-Ray Tubes Having Different Base Lines 26

Beam-Direction Marker Circuit for Scope Gives Comet-Shaped Trace 28

Magnetically Deflected Oscilloscope Uses 21-Inch Television Picture Tube 28

COMPUTER CONTROL CIRCUITS 31

Transistorized Gate,Flip-Flop,Counter and Shaper Circuits for Digital Computers 31

Read and Write Amplifier for Digital Data in Tape Systems 32

Dual Chopper-Stabilized Operational Amplifier for Analog Computers 35

Simple Operational D-C Amplifier Is Basis of Desk-Size Differential Analyzer 35

Analog-Digital Converter Generates Pulse Frequency Proportional to D-C Input Voltage 36

Direct-Coupled,Emitter-Coupled and Resistance-Coupled High-Speed Flip-Flops 38

Transistorized Trigonometric Function Generator Provides Cosine of Input Voltage 39

Precision Digital Delay Generator for Radar and Sonar Calibration and Target Simulation 40

Sine-Cosine Approximator for Radar Computer Uses Diode Function Generator 43

Nine-Bit Word Generator Checks Digital Computers at Pulse Rates up to 1 MC 44

Probability Computer Produces Output Pulse When Noise Exceeds Reference Threshold 44

Digital Computer Clock Circuits Use Germanium Transistors Either at Saturation or Cutoff 45

Triangular-Wave Generator and D-C Operational Amplifier Serve in Analog Multiplier 47

Transistor Matrix Gives Simultaneous Binary Addition and Multiplication 49

Combined D-C Amplifier and Chopper Amplifier Give High Zero Stability 51

Zero-Crossing Detector Aids Analysis of Brain Waveforms 51

Transistorized Analog-Digital Converter Uses Feedback Subtraction 53

COUNTING CIRCUITS 57

Transistorized Decade Counter Uses Cascaded Bistable Multivibrators 57

Batching Counter Actuates Solenoid at Predetermined Count and Resets Automatically 57

Unijunction Trahsistors Simplify Design of Bistable Stages for Ring Counter 59

Reversible Binary Counter Determines Variations in PCM Pulse Intervals 60

Coincidence Detector Counts＇ Missing Pulses in Radar Magnetron Output 62

Automatic Bacteria Colony Counter Uses Anticoincidence Circuits 64

Loudspeaker Serves as Microphone for Simple Shot and Blast Counter 67

Predetermined Counter and Gate Fire Flashlamps in Missile Test Lab 67

Four-Decade Decimal Counter Uses Beam-Switching Tubes 69

Ring-of-10 Counter Having Four ON Stages Requires Only Three Feedback Resistors Per Stage 72

Binary-Decimal Counter Uses Logical AND Gates in Feedback Loop 74

DIRECT-CURRENT AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 76

Feedback Increases Input Impedance of Transistor D-C Amplifier 76

D-C Amplifier for Voltmeters and Analog Computers Has Infinite Input Impedance and Infinite Voltage Range 76

Wide-Band Differential Amplifier for Null Detection 78

Silicon-Diode Electronic Chopper Stabilizes All-Triode D-C Amplifier 79

Low-Drift Transistorized Differential D-C Amplifier Uses Silicon Temperature-Compensating Resistor 81

Juifction-Transistor D-C Amplifier for Transistor Voltmeter 82

Differential Input Stage Improves Feedback Stabilization of D-C Amplifier 83

Vibrating-Capacitor Modulator Changes D-C Output of Differential Analyzer to A-C 84

Electronically Controlled Chopper Boosts Sensitivity of Infrared Detector 84

Twin-Triode Electronic Chopper Handles High D-C Input Voltages 86

Feedback Through Pentode Holds Cathode Follower at Unity Gain 86

Simple Differential D-C Amplifier for Control Systems Amplifies Difference Between Two Signals 87

MACHINE CONTROL CIRCUITS 88

Size Control Circuit for Automatic Cylinder Hone 88

Level-Deviation Detector Locates Flaws in Magnetic Tape 88

Recorded Tone Bursts Permit Dialing of 45 Taped Spot Announcements 89

Automatic Stop Circuit for Tape Recorder 91

Electrode Dri e-Motor Servo for Spark Machining 91

Auto Transmission Gear Contour Gage Controls Automatic Hobber and Gear Sorter 93

Four-Transistor Inverter Drives Two-Phase Drag-Cup Servo Motor 95

Muscle Potentials of Patients Control Respiration Rate of Iron Lung 96

Tracer Control Circuit Maintains Constant Cutting Velocity for Milling Machine 96

Three-Feed Control System for Metal-Cutting Band-Saw 97

Carbon Dioxide Analyzer in Feedback Loop Controls Valve Motor 98

Eight Audio Tones Recorded on Magnetic Tape Control Overhead Crane 99

Circuit Controls Vacuum Actuators of High-Speed Tape Transport 100

MAGNETIC AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 102

Transistor Magnetic Inverter Uses Differential Multivibrator for Signal or Power Conversion 102

Magnetic-Amplifier Square-Law Circuits Serve in Four-Quadrant Analog Multiplier 103

Magnetic Amplifiers and Saturating Transformer Regulate D-C Power Supply 104

Self-Balancing Magnetic Amplifier Drives 400-CPS Servo-Motor 106

Magnetic Servo Amplifier Drives Gyro Indicator 108

Magnetic Amplifiers Control Frequency and Voltage of Reflex Klystron 109

Magnetic-Core Frequency Divider Controls ITV Sync-Generators 110

Half-Wave Magnetic Amplifier Drives Two-Speed High-Impedance Servo-Motor 112

Saturable-Core Transistor Oscillator Integrates Gas Flow Data 113

Synchronously Switched Biased Diodes Increase Gain of Magnetic Amplifier 114

MEASURING CIRCUITS 116

D-C Error Voltage of Resistor-Checking Wheatstone Bridge Is Amplified to Drive Go-No-Go Meter 116

Circuit Delivers Pulse Width Proportional to Time That Signal Is Between Specified Voltage Levels 117

Pulsed Eddy Currents Measure Thickness of Metal Coating on Base Metal 118

Phase Comparator Locates Null as Float Moves Core of Differential Transformer in Liquid Density Gage 119

Magnetic Quadrupole Is Probe of Magnetometer Using Servo Loop 120

Fart-Acting Nonlinear Feedback Stabilises Gain of Transistorized Pulse Amplifier 121

Ergmeter Uses Bolometer Bridge to Measure Energy of Discharging Capacitor 122

Automatic Range-Selecting Servo for Electronic Voltmeter 123

Electronic Integrator-Amplifier Speeds Grading and Matching of Magnetic Cores 125

Hot-Wire Thermal Bridge Is Voltage Standard for Expanded-Scale A-C Voltmeter 125

Bootstrapped-Collector Circuit for Starved Transistor Has 500-Megrihm Input Resistance 126

Differentiating Circuit Accurately Locates Zero of A-C Voltage 127

Counter on Shaft of Servo-Driven Self-Balancing Potentiometer Gives Digital Presentation for VTVM 127

Tuned Voltmeter Measures First Four Harmonies of Power-Line Frequency 129

Meacham-Bridge Oscillator and Frequency Detector Measure Ice Coating Thickness 129

Admittance-Measuring Circuit Determines Setting Time of Cement 130

Linear Potentiometer and Operational Amplifier Serve as Wide-Range Tachometer 131

Capacitance Pickup on Angle-of-Attack Potentiometer Boosts Accuracy 134

Schering Bridge and Phase-Sensitive Voltmeters Sort Capacitors in Tolerance Ranges 135

Portable Vibration Meter Uses Transistorized Integrating Amplifier and Demodulator 137

Automatic Waveform Detector Uses Time-Sampling to Sort Ferrite Cores 138

Thickness of Nonferrous Metals Is Gaged by Electromagnetic Absorption 140

Flutter and Wow Meter Measures Variations in Tape Recorder Transport Speed 141

Checking Insulation Resistance of Pressure-Sensing Potentiometers 142

Second-Harmonic Flux-Gate Magnetometer Serves as Steel Tubing Hardness Tester 143

Tester Checks Static and Dynamic Unbalance of Dual-Triode Sections 144

Dual-Channel Doppler Radar Serves as Rate-of-Climb Meter 145

Automatic Go-No-Go Comparator Makes 350 Checkout Measurements on Missile 147

METAL DETECTOR CIRCUITS 150

Proximity Control Responds to Any Metal Near Pickup Coil 150

Magnetic Concentricity Gage Trips Flashtube Trigger Circuit 150

Detector Traces Buried Cables Carrying 250-CPS Signal 152

Tack Detector for Shoes Trips Alarm When Probe Touches Metal 153

Inexpensive Metal Detector Locates Concealed Conduits,Pipes and Ducts 154

MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS 156

Two Multivibrators and Variable Delay Line Generate Variable-Width Pulses 156

A-C Tachometer Drives Multivibrator Circuits of Expanded-Scale Speed Indicator 156

Multivibrator,Blocking Oscillator and Counter Circuits Simulate Radar Targets 158

Fast-Switching Multivibrator-Controlled Relay Circuit 159

Electronic Chopper Replaces Vibrator in Television Modulation Indicator 160

Simple Sweep Generator for Oscilloscopes Has Range up to 500 KC 161

NUCLEONIC CIRCUITS 163

Transistorized Geiger-Muller Probe Traces Radioisotopes in Oil Well 163

Time Interval Analyzer Uses Modified Chronotron Circuits to Time Nuclear Particle Flights 163

Transistorized Geiger Counter Has High-Voltage Generator and Ratemeter 165

Cold-Cathode Count-Rate Circuits Monitor Alpha Radiation 167

Eddy-Current Circuit Detects Hairline Flaws in Fine Wire 167

Time-of-Arrival Indicator Blows Fuse to Stop Clock When Radioactive Fallout Arrives 168

Transistorized Gamma-Radiation Monitor Uses D-C/D-C Converter 169

Simple G-M Radiation．Monitor and Recorder 171

OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS 172

Self-Quenching Superregenerative Oscillator Produces Pulses of 500-CPS Tone 172

Pulse Generator Feeds Controlled-Duration Signals to Two Channels 172

Pulse Modulator Generates Uniform Pulses for Widely Varying Load 174

Beat-Frequency Subaudio Oscillator Requires No Output Amplifier 175

Electronic Organ Uses Neon Lamps as Tone Generators and Frequency Dividers 176

Closed-Loop Regulator Controls High Power Induction Heater 177

Direct-Coupled Multiple-Feedback R-C Oscillator Covers 4 CPS to 350 KC 178

Variable-Frequency＂Oscillator Controls Firing Rate of Machine Guns 179

Double-Triode and Two Diodes Generate Negative-Going Staircase 180

Oscillator Provides Beeps Required when Recording Telephone Conversations 181

Thyratron Delivers Predictable Half-Sine Pulse When Triggered 181

Fork-Controlled Generator Provides Seven Standard Audio Frequencies Simultaneously 182

Oscillator-Sharing Simplifies Circuit of Electronic Organ 184

Neon Tubes Back to Back Generate Keep-Alive Pulses for Recorder 185

Low-Distortion Audio Oscillator Uses Biased Diodes to Eliminate Hunting 186

Transistorized Crystal-Controlled 1-MC Oscillator Is Highly Stable 187

Sonar Target Simulator Produces Echo Signal for Servicing Purposes 188

Variable-Gain Negative-Feedback Amplifier Stabilises Feedback Oscillator 188

Frequency Meter Quickly Measures Dynamic Compliance of Phono Cartridge 189

Frequency Comparator Applies Error Voltage to Repeller of Klystron Oscillator 189

PHOTOELECTRIC CIRCUITS 191

Camera Shutter Tester Uses Photodiode to Feed D-C Amplifier 191

Multiplier Phototube on Lathe Drives Electronic Counter That Reads Microinches 192

Photoelectric Function Generator Uses Oscilloscope as Light Source 193

Photoelectric Illumination Gontrol Responds to Bright Sunlight 195

Vidicon Camera Circuits Detect Changes in Nearly Identical Photographs 195

Banks of Multiplier Phototubes Give Coordinates of Test Missile 196

Photocell-Controlled Multivibrator Generates Tone Frequency Proportional to Light 193

Photoelectric Counter Checks Frame Rate of Movie Camera 198

Three-Phototube Pickup Checks Hue and Saturation of Color TV Tubes 199

Frequency-Modulated Light Beam Completes Feedback Loop for Control System 200

Stabilized Photoformer Circuit Feeds Function of Input Voltage to Analog Computer 202

POWER SUPPLY CONTROL CIRCUITS 204

Overcurrent Protection Circuit for Transistor Power Supply 204

Energy in Received Radio Waves Provides Operating Power for Transistor Circuits 205

Junction Transistor Serves as Ripple Filter for Low-Voltage Power Supply 207

Control of Instantaneous Voltage and Current in Power Transistor Boosts Efficiency 207

Servo Discriminator Feeding Silicon-Diode Modulator Controls Aircraft Alternator Frequency 208

Crystal-Controlled 28-Volt Bistable Voltage-Doubling Chopper Drives Synchronous Clock 209

Photoflash Power Converters Use Power Transistors in Symmetrical Inverter and Blocking Oscillator Circuits 210

Zener Diodes and Silicon Transistor Regulate Output of Bridge Rectifier 212

Controlled-Firing-Time Thyratron Inverter Eliminates Bulky Saturable Reactors 212

Solid-State Rectifiers and High-Current Regulator Tubes Eliminate Power Transformer in Regulated Power Supplies 214

R-F Power Supply Replaces Vibrator Supply for Portable Infrared Viewers 215

Regulated Transistor Power Supply Uses Direct-Coupled Amplifier in Feedback Loop 216

Transistorized-Power and Bridge Excitation Supply for Strain-Gage System 216

High-Voltage Power Supply Uses 12．5-KC Oscillator and Corona-Tube Regulator 218

Variable-Frequency Power Supply for Servo Testing Uses Pentode Cathode Followers 219

Triode Serves as Grid Leak Resistor in Regulated Power Supply 220

PROCESS CONTROL CIRCUITS 222

Basic Amplifier,Modulator,Demodulator and Power Supply Circuits for Process Control 222

Audio-Level Trigger Circuit Shuts Off Crystal Lapping Machine 224

Closed-Loop Controller Provides Rate and Reset Action 225

Three-Channel Decade Counter Controls Flow of Liquid Plastics 226

Pressure Transmitter Controls Tuned Oscillator for Set-Point Control 227

Galvanometer-Type Controller Feeds F-M Circuit Giving D-C Output 227

Servo-Controlled Pump Maintains Constant Fluid Volume 228

REMOTE CONTROL CIRCUITS 230

Transmitter and Receiver Circuits for Radio-Controlled Garage-Door Opener 230

Single-Stage Franklin Superregenerator for Radio Remote Control 230

Ultrasonic．Gong Controls Four Functions in TV Set 232

Carrier-Current Control Through Power Line Tunes TV Set 233

Microwave Link Controls Fog Alarm on Unattended Island Site 234

Selective A-F Circuit Fires Squib or Operates Relay for Missile Control 235

Ultrasonic Tones Control Tuning Motor in TV Set 236

Tone-Actuated Programmer Mixes Records with Taped Announcements 237

Two-Transistor Superregenerative Remote Control Receiver 240

Flashlight Operates Photoelectric Remote Control for TV Set 241

ERVOMECHANISM CIRCUITS 242

Servo Amplifiers Use Power Transistors to Drive A-C or D-C Motors 242

Silicon Power Transistors Drive Split Control Winding or Servo-Motor 242

Zener Diode in Feedback Loop Provides AGC for A-C Servo 243

Servo Accelerometer Uses R-F Oscillator with Null Balance 244

Servo Positioner for Component Inserter Is Programmed by Cards or Tape 245

Self-Setting Servo Gate Rejects Random Interference Pulses 246

Negative Feedback Provides Stability for Push-Pull Transistor Servo Amplifier 247

Servo System Controlled by Radar I-F Signal Tunes Magnetron for Search or AFC 248

Phase-Selective Gate Rejects Quadrature Signals in Servo Loop 250

Transistorized Relay Servo Uses Step-Function Potentiometer 251

Transistorized Servo Amplifier Drives Two-Speed Motor Directly 251

？ur-Transistor Preamplifier Feeds Transistor-Magnetic Amplifier Servo 252

Simple Infrared Analyzer Detects Leaks in Air Chamber 253

Phase-Stabilized UHF Servo Amplifier Conatus Steerable Antenna 256

SWITCHING CIRCUITS 258

Simple Electronic Switch Gives Transient-Free Commutating 258

Zener Diode＇ Controls Triggering Level of Push-Pull Transistor Relay 258

Ring-of-Five Neon-Lamp Oscillator Provides Sequential Switching 259

Clearing,Resetting and Transfer-Storage Circuits for Beam-Switching Tubes 260

D-C Voltage Comparator Actuates High-Speed Transistorized Electronic Switch 262

Balanced-Input Transistorized Electronic Relay 264

Two-Way Sampling Switch Using．Compensated Comparators Has High Input Impedance 265

Beam-Switching Tube Switches Low-Level Capacitive Transducer Signals 266

Voice-Actuated Switching Circuit Controls Microwave Party Line 267

Triode Makes Relay Pull-In and Drop-Out Currents Equal 268

Multichannel Electronic Switch for Oscilloscope Uses Flip-Flops in Ring 268

Electronic Crowbar Shorts Power Supply of High-Power Transmitting Tube to Prevent Flash-Arc Damage 270

Coincidence Diodes Gate Transistorized Six-Channel Electronic Switch 272

Saturated and Nonsaturated Transistor Flip-Flops Use Single and Double Triggering 274

Ultrasonic Switch Controls Diversity Receivers 275

TELEMETERING CONTROL CIRCUITS 276

Transistorized Micromicroammeter Feeds Radiation Data to Satellite Telemeter 276

Underwater Telemetering System Uses Four 60-KC Ultrasonic Links 276

Pulse-Position Telemetry Demodulator Compensates for Parameter Variations 278

Transistorized Telemeter Transmitter for Balloon-Borne Radiation Detection 280

Transistorized PDM Keyer Improves Airborne Telemetering System 281

Telemetering Equipment in Sounding Balloon Monitors Cosmic Radiation 283

Encoded Shaft Position Data Is Transmitted over Telephone Line 284

Telemetering Transmitter in Rocket Produces PWM F-M Signals 288

Eight-Transistor Transmitter Telemeters Scalp Voltages 289

Telemetering Demodulator Converts Wide-Band F-M Data to PFM Data 289

TEMPERATURE CONTROL CIRCUITS 292

Proportional Heat Control Maintains Thermal Chamber at Preset Value 292

Thermopile Actuates Current-Adjusting Temperature Controller 293

Servo-Balanced Bridge for Compensated Thermocouple Gives Jet Engine Temperature 295

Germanium Transistor Serves as Thermostat for Cold Junction 297

TIMING CIRCUITS 298

Extending Linearity Range of Thyratron Interval Timer 298

Phantastron Circuit and Miller Integrator Used in Exposure Timer 298

Millisecond Timer and Thyratrons Stop Die-Cutting Press after Cut-Through 299

Doppler Radar Speed Meter Checks Highway Traffic 301

Regenerative Frequency Dividers for 1-MC Crystal Source Provide 1-KC Power for Precision Clock 302

Four-Thyratron Timer Triggered by Vertical Drive Pulses Exposes Camera for One TV Frame 303

Double-Triggering Improves Stability of Phantastron Frequency Divider 304

Current Transformer and Electronic Relay Turn on Running-Time Meter When Any Power Tool Is Used 304

Ticks of Master Clock Synchronize Time Base of Cathode-Ray Watch Timer 305

Astable Multivibrator Controls Pentode Gate for Pulsing Circuit 306

ULTRASONIC CIRCUITS 307

Doppler-Effect Ultrasonic Burglar and Fire Alarm 307

Battery-Operated Resonance-Type Ultrasonic Thickness Gage 307

Ultrasonic Vibrator Makes Beer Foam to Drive Out Air 308

Adjustable Ultrasonic Paths in Air Simulate Multipath Communications 309

Ultrasonic Pulses Detect Flaws in Coating of Uranium Slug 310

Two-Transistor Broadband Ultrasonic Preamplifier for Hydrophones 312

Pulsed Frequency-Modulated System Analyzes Ultrasonic Signal Returns 312

Piezoelectric Transducer Drives Tip of Ultrasonic Soldering Iron 314

Ultrasonic Phase Meter Measures Subsurface Water Velocity 314

Quartz-in-Water Delay Line Simulates Radar Moving Targets 316

Two-Receiver Ultrasonic System Measures Propagation in Sea Water 317

Driver for Magnetostriction Transducer of Ultrasonic Impact Grinder 319

WELDING CONTROL CIRCUITS 321

Capacitor-Discharge Spotwelder Control Handles Metal Foils 321

Timer Controls Thyratrons in High-Speed Resistance Welder 322

Five-Function Programming Timer Controls Electrode Welder 323

Toroid Feeding A-C Electronic Voltmeter Measures Spot-Welding Current 325