Life of Alfred NewtonPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER Ⅰ CHILDHOOD AND SCHOOL 1

William Newton-His sons-Birth of Alfred at Geneva-Elveden Hall-Sport at Elveden-Accident in childhood-Affection for his brother Edward-Early interest in Natural History-School-First visit to Cambridge-Letters from school-Dogs and pets-Enters at Cambridge 1

CHAPTER Ⅱ EARLY INTEREST IN NATURAL HISTORY 11

Magdalene-Takes degree-Norfolk Travelling Fellowship-Other naturalists-John Wolley-Wolley＇s experiences in Lapland-Sales of eggs-Newton goes to Lapland-Interest in northern faunas-Musk Ox-Breeding-place of Knot-Alfred Newton Glacier-Visit to W．Indies-Notes on Humming-birds-Visit to U．S．A．-J．H．Gurney 11

CHAPTER Ⅲ VISIT TO ICELAND 27

Visit to Iceland-Lands in Faroe-The Meal Sack-Hospitality at Reykjavik-Learning Icelandic-Journey through Iceland-Streams of lava-Reykjanes-Submarine eruption-Habits of Great Auk-Failure of expedition 27

CHAPTER Ⅳ THE GREAT AUK 40

Extinction of Great Auk-History of the bird-Buying a Great Auk＇s egg-It8 obscure history-Discovery of ten Great Auk＇s egg-Gate-fowl book-Visit to Great Auk＇s breeding-places-Dodo and other extinct birds-Great Bustard-Acclimatisation and extermination 40

CHAPTER Ⅴ THE IBIS 61

Origin of B．O．U．-Founders-Journal-Motto-Editorship of Ibis-Canon Tristram-Wolley＇s collections-＂Ootheca Wolleyana＂-Memoir of John Wolley 61

CHAPTER Ⅵ VISIT TO SPITZBERGEN 73

Shooting in Denmark-Visit to Germany-Decides not to take holy orders-Prince Dhuleep Singh and Elveden-Visit to Spitzbergen-Voyage from Leith-Birds in Ice Sound-Snow Buntings-Eiders-Reindeer-Nordenskjold-Seals-Upset from boat-Fogs and calms-Bear Island and Hammerfest 73

CHAPTER Ⅶ DR．SHIPLEY＇S REMINISCENCES＆Written by the Master of Christ＇s 93

Cambridge in the ＇forties-Railway station-Magdalene in 1849-Professor Adami-Francis Balfour-Adam Sedgwick-William Bateson-Newton＇s lectures-Hospitality-Character 93

CHAPTER Ⅷ EARLY DAYS OF DARWINISM 110

Early days of Darwinism-Newton＇s acceptance of theory-British Association at Oxford in 1860-Huxley and the Bishop of Oxford-Dr．Temple-Tristram＇s defection-Manchester meeting-Letter from Darwin-Zoological Record-Mendelism-Programme for Section D-Sclater and Louis Napoleon-Red Lions-Professorship of Zoology-Charles Kingsley 110

CHAPTER Ⅸ PROTECTION OF BIRDS 136

Zoological aspect of Game Laws-Destruction of Sea-fowl-Close-time Committee-Bird Protection Bills and Acts-Letters to Lord Walsingham-Skuas-Protection of eggs-Protection of areas-Society for the Protection of Birds-Egg-collecting 136

CHAPTER Ⅹ MIGRATION AND DISTRIBUTION 160

Migration of birds-Letter of Scandinavian Poet-Newton＇s reply-Theories of migration-Torpidity and other superstitions-Gatke-Mr．Eagle-Clarke＇s observations at lighthouses-Destruction of life-History of migration-Aristotle and Pliny-Geographical distribution-Ptarmigan-Origin of life-Holarctic Region-A,R．Wallace-Address at Manchester 160

CHAPTER Ⅺ GILBERT WHITE AND OTHERS 186

Gilbert White-Reviews of＂Selborne＂-Coleridge＇s Marginalia-Gilbert White＇s wig-＂Selborne＂a classic-Mr．Holt-White＇s＂Life＂-＂Molly＂letters-Mulso＇s letters-Thomas Bewick--Willughby-Ray-Gould-F．Buckland-T．Edwards-R．Jefferies-H．Seebohm 186

CHAPTER Ⅻ METHODS OF WORK 207

Accuracy-care in identification-The Scaup Duck-Bustard-Great Black Woodpecker-Vipers swallowing young-Slowness in work-Yarrell＇s＂British Birds＂-Classification-Linn？an system-Nomenclature-Subspecies and trinomials 207

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ LANGUAGES AND WORDS 220

Correspondence with Professor Skeat--De Avosetta-Capereaillie-Mistletoe Thrush-Decoy-Okapi-No Snakes in Iceland 220

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ WRITING AND CONSERVATISM 234

Letter-writing-B．M．Cats．-Dedications-Zoological anecdote-Professor Babington and suet puddings-＂Dictionary of Birds＂-Publishers-Revisions-Style-Reviewers-The Cuckow-Philosophy-Politics and College politics-Mr．A．C．Benson＇s reminiscences-Bores-Interest in young naturalists 234

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ WORK AT CAMBRIDGE 250

Lectures-Zoological training-Invertebrata-Jack Perkins and the Duke of Cambridge-Museum-Bos primigenius-Letters from Charles Kingsley-Special Board-Greek play-＂Birds＂of Aristophanes-Hospitality in College-The Old Lodge-Sunday evenings-Dr．Guillemard＇s recollections 250

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ LATER YEARS 275

Cornish Choughs-Heligoland and accident-Sir Archibald Geikie＇s account of cruises-St．Kilda and Orkneys-The song of the Shearwater-Death of Sir Edward Newton-The Professor in old age-Portraits-Honours-Last days-Death 275

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS 298

APPENDIX LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 316

INDEX 325