Radioecology Proceedings of The First National Symposium on Radioecology Held At Colorado State UnivPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTORY SPEAKER 1

Impact of Atomic Energy on the Environment and Environmental Science＆John N．Wolfe 1

PART Ⅰ．GENERAL REVIEW PAPERS 3

Radiation Effects and Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in the Plant and Soil Sciences＆John D．Spikes 5

Radiation Effects and Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in the Animal Sciences:Radiation and Biologic Capability＆Paul S．Henshaw 13

Continental Close-in Fallout:Its History,Measurement and Characteristics＆Kermit H．Larson 19

Disposal of Radioactive Wastes:Its History,Status and Possible Impact on the Environment＆Donald W．Pritchard and Arnold b．Joseph 27

PART Ⅱ．CYCLING AND LEVELS OF RQDIONUCLIDES IN THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT 33

Some Effects of Environmental Factors upon Accumulation of Worldwide Fallout in Natural Populations＆J．J．Davis,W．C．Hanson and D．G．Watson 35

Vegetational Analyses in a Creosote Bush Community and Their Radioecologic Implications＆Willam H．Richard 39

Biological Availability of Strontium-90 to Small Native Animals in Fallout Patterns from the Nevada Test Site＆J．W．Neel and K．H．Larson 45

The Dynamics of Fallout Distribution in a Colorado Alpine Tundra Snow Accumulation Ecosystem＆William S．Osburn,Jr． 51

Accumulation of Strontium-90 in Yearling Columbian Black-Tailed Deer,1950-1960＆Vincent Schultz and William M．Longhurst 73

Environmental Pathways of Radioactive Iodine from Nuclear Tests in Arid Regions＆Norman R．French and K．H．Larson 77

Accumulation and Cycling of Organic Matter and Chemical Constituents during Early Vegetational Succession on a Radioactive Waste Disposal Area＆H．R．DeSelm and R．E．Shanks 83

Factors Related to Concentration of Radiocesium in Plants Growing on a Radioactive Waste Disposal Area＆R．E．Shanks and H．R．DeSelm 97

Movement and Accumulation of Radiostrontium and Radiocesium in Insects＆D．A．Crossley,Jr． 103

Estimation of Dose Rate and Equilibrium State from Bioaccumulation of Radionuclides by Mammals＆Stephen V．Kaye and Paul B．Dunaway 107

Experimental Isolation of Food Chains in an Old-Field Ecosystem with the use of Phosphorus-32＆Eugene P．Odum and Edward J．Kuenzler 113

Analog Computer Models for Movement of Nuclides through Ecosystems＆Jerry S．Olson 121

Cycling of Cesium-134 in White Oak Trees on Sites of Contrasting Soil Type and Moisture．I．1960 Growing Season＆John P．Witherspoon,Jr． 127

PART Ⅲ．CYCLING AND LEVELS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 133

Cycling and levels of Strontium-90,Cerium-144 and Promethium-147 in the Atlantic Ocean＆Vaughan T．Bowen and Thomas T．Sugihara 135

Gross Beta Radioactivity in Marine Organisms＆Thomas W．Hatfield,Donald M．Skauen and John S．Rankin,Jr． 141

Radionuclides in Plankton and Tuna from the Central Pacific＆F．G．Lowman 145

Radioactivity of Marine Organisms from Guam,Palau and the Gulf of Siam,1958-1959＆Allyn H．Seymour 151

Zinc-65 in Oysters in Fishers Island Sound and Its Estuaries＆Bryant W．Fitzgerald and Donald M．Skauen 159

Experimental Studies of the Turnover of Phosphate in Marine Environments＆Lawrence R．Pomeroy 163

Qualitative Distribution of Radionuclides at Rongelap Atoll＆E．E．Held 167

Availability of Sediment-Sorbed Materials to marine Biota＆T．W．Duke,E．R．Ibert and K．M．Rae 171

Micro-organisms in Environments contaminated with Radioactivity＆James B．Lackey and Carrie F．Bennett 175

The Role of Phytoplankton in the Cycling of Radionuclides in the Marine Environment＆T．R．Rice 179

The Uptake,Accumulation and Exchange of Strontium-90 by Open Sea Phytoplankton＆E．F．Corcoran and J．F．Kimball,Jr． 187

The Effect of Environmental Ions on the Concentration of Radiocalcium and Radiostrontium by Euryhaline Teleosts＆Sidney J．Townsley 193

PART Ⅳ．CYCLING AND LEVELS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT 201

The Strontium and Calcium relationships in Clinch and Tennessee River Mollusks＆D．J．Nelson 203

The Fate of Radiostrontium in a Freshwater Community＆Ivan L．Ophel 213

Translocation of Phosphorus in a Trout Stream Ecosystem＆Robert C．Ball and Frank F．Hooper 217

Natural Radioactivity in the Food Web of the Banded Sculpin Cottus carolinae (Gill)＆W．L．Minckley,J．E．Craddock and L．A．Krumholz 229

Radium in Natural Waters in the United States＆Robert C．Scott 237

PART Ⅴ:EFFECTS O FIONIZING RADIATION ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 241

Ecological Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Organisms,Communities and Ecosystems＆Robert B．Pl 243

Prediction of the Sensitivity of Plants to Chronic Gamma Irradiation＆Arnold H．sparrow and George M．Woodwell 257

Changes in a Herbaceous Plant Community during a Three-Year Period Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Gradients＆Frank McCormick 271

A Study of Succession in Fields Irradiated with Fast Neutron and Gamma Radiation＆Charles P．Daniel 277

Effects of Radiation from an Air-Shielded Reactor on Forest Litter Production＆John T．McGinnis 283

The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Smilax with Special Reference to the Protection Afforded by Their Production of Underground Vegetative Structures＆Hedley G．Chappell 289

Effects of Ionizing radiation on Pinus taeda L．＆Robert A．Pedigo 295

Factors Affecting Tree Seed and Seedling Radiosensitivity＆Margaret B．Heaslip 301

Recovery of Vegetation on Atomic Target Areas at the Nevada Test Site＆Lora Mangum Shields and Philip V．Wells 307

Radiation Dosages in the Vicinity of an Unshielded Nuclear Reactor＆James J．Cowan and Robert B．Pl 311

Influence of Four Rocky Mountain Regional Environments on Pea Plants Grown from Irradiated Seeds＆William S．Osburn,Jr． 319

Natural radiation Effects of Vertebrate Animals Inhabiting the Uranium Areas of Southeastern Utah＆Wilmer W．Tanner 325

Comparative Ecological Studies of Animals at the Nevada Test Site＆Dorald M．Allred and D Elden Beck 327

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Mammal Populations on the White Oak Lake Bed＆Paul B．Dunaway and Stephen V．Kaye 333

The Effect of Neutron-Gamma Radiation on Free-Living Small Mammals at the Lockheed Reactor Site＆Jay H．Schnell 339

Relative Sensitivity of Nestlings of Wild Passerine Birds to Gamma Radiation＆William K．Willard 345

PART Ⅵ．EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS 351

Increase in Radioresistance of Fish to Lethal Doses with Advancing Embryonic Development＆Kelshaw Bonham and Arthur D．Welander 353

Effect of Chronic Feeding of Sr90-Y90 on Rainbow Trout＆R．E．Nakatani and R．F．Foster 359

The Effects of Continuous,Sub-lethal Gamma Radiation on the Intrinsic rate of Natural Increase and Other Population Attributes of Daphnia pulex＆J．S．Marshall 363

The Preliminary Investigation of Salivary Gland Chromosomes of Chironomus tentans Fabr．from the Clinch River＆D．J．Nelson and B．G．Blaylock 367

Effects of Uranium Mill Wastes on Biological Fauna of the Animas River (Colorado-New Mexico)＆J．B．Anderson,E．C．Tsivoglou and S．D．Shearer 373

An Exploratory Study of Radiation Damage in the Thyroids of Coral Reef Fishes from the Eniwetok Atoll＆Aubrey Gorbman and Miriam S．James 385

PART Ⅶ．ECOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES UTILIZING RADIONUCLIDES IN TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 401

Radioactive Tracers as an Aid to the Measurement of Energy Flow At the Population Level in Nature＆Eugene P．Odum and Frank B．Golley 403

Tracer Studies of the Breakdown of Forest Litter＆J．S．Olson and D．A．Crossley,Jr． 411

Methods for Introducing Radionuclides into Plants＆T．W．Sudia and A．J．Linck 417

Consumption of Vegetation by Insects＆D．A．Crossley,Jr． 427

Use of Radionuclides in Ecological Studies of Insects＆Dale W．Jenkins 431

The Role of Radionuclides in Insect Behavior Studies＆Claude H．Schmidt and Carroll N．Smith 441

Techniques for Studying Movements of Vertebrates in the Field＆John R．Tester 445

A Method of Measuring Waterfowl dispersion Utilizing Phosphorus-32 and Zinc-65＆W．C．Hanson and A．C．Case 451

Use of the Jack Rabbit as a Bio-indicator of Environmental Strontium-90 Contamination＆Z．M．Fineman,R．McBride and J．Detmer 455

PART Ⅷ．ECOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES UTILIZING RADIONUCLIDES IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS 461

Biological and Physical Transport of Radionuclides in Stratified Lakes＆Arthur D．Hasler and Gene E．Likens 463

Use of Light Nuclides in Limnology＆Edward S．Deevey,Jr．,Minze Stuiver and Noboyuki Nakai 471

Evaluation of the Carbon-14 Technique for Measurement of Primary Production＆M．B．Allen 477

Use of Nitrogen-15 for Measurement of Rates in the Nitrogen Cycle＆John C．Neess,Richard C．Dugdale,John J．Goering and Vera A．Dugdale 481

Zine-65 in Studies of the Freshwater Zinc Cycle＆Roger W．Bachmann 485

PART Ⅸ．THE OCCURRENCE,EFFECT AND UTILIZATION OF NUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT 497

Manganese in Ecology＆Peter J．Wangersky 499

Biological and Environmental Behavior of Ruthenium and Rhodium＆S．I．Auerbach and J．S．Olson 509

Reactions of Tungsten in Soils and Its Uptake by Plants＆E．M．Romney and J．D．Childress 521

The Radioecology of Calcium＆Sidney C．Hsiao 525

Factors Controlling the Distribution of the Rare Earths in the Environment and in Living Organisms＆Ralph F．Palumbo 533

Cesium and Its Relationships to Potassium in Ecology＆J．J．Davis 539

Review and Discussion of Barium＆Norman R．French 557

Iron and Cobalt in Ecology＆F．G．Lowman 561

Environmental Behavior of Chromium and Neptunium＆Richard F．Foster 569

Some Aspects of the Biology of Zirconium-95＆Edward E．Held 577

Iodine in the Environment＆W．C．Hanson 581

Tritium in Ecology - A Review＆Donald M．Skauen 603

The Natural Radioactive Series in Organic Material＆F．F．Koczy 611

Arsenic and Its Radioisotopes in the Environs＆R．L．Junkins 615

Review of Zinc in Ecology＆T．R．Rice 619

Plutonium,Its Biology and Environmental Persistance＆J．H．Olafson and K．H．Larson 633

APPENDIX 641

Panel Discussion on Education and Research Training＆Eugene P．Odum,Moderator 643

Bibliography A＆Alfred W．Klement,Jr．,and Vincent Schultz 649

Bibliography B＆Alfred W．Klement,Jr．,and I．E．Wallen 729