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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 1

1.1 Classification of Matter 1

1.2 Properties of Matter 3

1.3 Atoms,Molecules and Compounds 4

1.4 Numbers in Physical Quantities 6

1.5 Units of Measurement 10

1.6 The Dimensional Method 17

References 18

Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry 20

2.1 Chemical Language 20

2.2 Nomenclature of Elements 21

2.3 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 33

References 45

Chapter 3 Inorganic Chemistry 47

3.1 The Atomic Nature of Matter 47

3.2 Electronic Structure of Atoms 50

3.3 Periodicity of Atomic Properties 55

3.4 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding 60

3.5 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 63

3.6 Chemical Reactions 67

3.7 The Behavior of Gases 71

3.8 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 74

3.9 Chemical Equilibrium 77

3.10 Thermochemistry 79

3.11 Acid-Base Equilibria 82

3.12 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria 85

3.13 Chemistry of Coordination Compounds 87

3.14 Nuclear Chemistry 91

References 94

Chapter 4 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 97

4.1 Naming Acyclic Alkanes 97

4.2 Naming Cyclic Alkanes 102

4.3 Nomenclature of Alkenes 104

4.4 Nomenclature of Alkynes 106

4.5 Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides 107

4.6 Nomenclature of Ethers 108

4.7 Nomenclature of Alcohols 111

4.8 Nomenclature of Aldehydes 112

4.9 Nomenclature of Ketones 113

4.10 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids 115

4.11 Nomenclature of Anhydrides 122

4.12 Nomenclature of Acyl Halides 123

4.13 Nomenclature of Esters 124

4.14 Nomenclature of Amides 125

4.15 Nomenclature of Nitriles 127

4.16 Nomenclature of Amines 127

4.17 Nomenclature of Heterocyclic Compounds 131

4.18 Nomenclature of Benzenoid Compounds 135

4.19 Nomenclature of Polyfunctional Compounds 139

References 142

Chapter 5 Organic Chemistry 143

5.1 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 143

5.2 Types of Reactive Intermediates 145

5.3 Classification of Reactions 148

5.4 Stereochemistry 159

References 170

Chapter 6 Physical Chemistry 171

6.1 Introduction 171

6.2 Thermodynamics 173

6.3 Phase Equilibrium 178

6.4 Chemical Kinetics 181

6.5 Electrochemistry 184

6.6 Surface and Colloid Chemistry 187

6.7 Crystal Structure 191

References 195

Chapter 7 Analytical Chemistry 197

7.1 Introduction 197

7.2 Chemicals and Apparatus 198

7.3 Evaluating Analytical Data 200

7.4 Gravimetric Methods of Analysis 203

7.5 Titrimetric Methods of Analysis 204

7.6 Electrochemical Methods of Analysis 207

7.7 Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis 211

7.8 Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods 222

7.9 Some Other Important Analytical Methods 226

References 228

Chapter 8 Polymer Chemistry 230

8.1 Synthetic Polymers 230

8.2 Natural Polymers 238

8.3 Applications of Polymers 241

8.4 Polymer Nomenclature 248

References 250

Chapter 9 New Materials 251

9.1 Polymers 251

9.2 Ceramics 260

9.3 Metallic Materials 266

References 271

Appendix Laboratory Glassware and Equipment 274