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Unit 1 Chemistry of Essential Oils（Ⅰ） 1

Reading Material:Composition of the Essential Oil of Stachys acerosa Growing in Central Iran 13

Unit 2 Chemistry of Essential Oils（Ⅱ） 17

Reading Material:The Volatile Constituents of Dracocephalum kotschyi Oils 25

Unit 3 Sampling and Sample Preparation for Analysis of Aromas and Fragrances（Ⅰ） 29

Reading Material:Essential Oil Composition of Santolina etrusca from Italy 43

Unit 4 Sampling and Sample Preparation for Analysis of Aromas and Fragrances（Ⅱ） 46

Reading Material:Composition of the Essential Oils of Lycium barbarum and L.ruthenicum Fruits 51

Unit 5 Comparison of Different Extraction Methods from Aromatic Plants and Optimization of SPME/GC 54

Reading Material:Essential Oil Composition of Nepeta satureioides from Iran 66

Unit 6 Volatiles Emission Patterns of Different Plant Organs and Pollen of Citrus limon 69

Reading Material:Component Composition of Essential Oils from Four Species of the Genus Achillea Growing in Kazakhstan 76

Unit 7 Influence of Drying and Extraction Methods on Yield and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Satureja hortensis 79

Reading Material:Chemical Composition of the Resin Essential Oil of Canarium album from Vietnam 84

Unit 8 Analysis of the Volatile Components of Lavandula canariensis（L.） 87

Reading Material:Constituents of the Essential Oil of Scabiosa flavida from Iran 94

Unit 9 Aroma Compounds of Essential Oils of two Varieties of the Spice Plant Ocimum canum Sims from Northern Cameroon 96

Reading Material:Volatile Constituents of Flowers and Leaves of Anthemis hyalina 102

Unit 10 Steam Distillation SPME for the Detection of Ephedra sinica in Herbal Preparations 105

Reading Material:Essential Oil Composition of Nepeta involucrata from Iran 114

Unit 11 Volatile Constituents of Micropropagated Plants of Bupleurum fruticosum L 117

Reading Material:Comparison of the Components of the Essential Oils from Leaves Fruits of Grammosciadium platycarpum 123

Unit 12 Essential Oil Composition of the Leaves and Stems of Meum athamanticum Jacq..from Spain 126

Reading Material:Analysis of Essential Oil from the Needles of Pinus pinaster Growing in Algeria 130

Unit 13 HS-SPME Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds of Coniferous Needle Litter 133

Reading Material:Chemical Composition of the Needles Oil of Pinus canariensis from Algeria 141

Unit 14 Volatiles from Rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L 144

Reading Material:Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Salvia macilenta from Iran 150

Unit 15 Volatile Organic Compounds from Leaves Litter 153

Reading Material:Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Bunium elegans and Bunium caroides 158

Unit 16 Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Volatiles from Spices Comparison with Simultaneous Distillation Extraction 161

Reading Material:Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Rhodiola quadrifida from Xinjiang,China 167

Unit 17 Essential Oils of Petal,Leaf and Stem of the Antimalarial Plant Artemisia annua 170

Reading Material:Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oils of Stems,Leaves,and Roots of Prangos latiloba 175

Unit 18 Composition,Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Essential Oils from Aristolochia mollissima 178

Reading Material:Composition and Antimicrobial Activity 187

of the Essential Oils of two Endemic Species from Turkey:Sideritis cilicica and Sideritis bilgerana 187

Unit 19 Essential Oil Composition of Feverfew(Tanacetum parthenium)in Wild and Cultivated Populations from Iran 191

Reading Material:Essential Oil of Filipendula hexapetala 195

Unit 20 Volatile Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Garcinia macrophylla 198

Reading Material:Composition of the Essential Oil of Salvia longipedicellata from Turkey 202

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms and Meanings 204

APPENDIX Elements Listed by Atomic Number 212

Glossary 214