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Chapter 1 Risk and Insurance 1

Section 1 The Concept of Risk 1

1.1 The Definition of Risk 1

1.2 The Uncertainty of Risk 2

1.3 Peril and Hazard 2

Section 2 The Concept of Insurance 3

2.1 The Definition of Insurance 3

2.2 The Function of Insurance 3

2.3 The Classification of Insurance 5

Chapter 2 The Basic Principle of Insurance(Ⅰ)-Insurable Interest 18

Section 1 The Definition of Insurable Interest 18

1.1 Avoiding Gambling 19

1.2 Guarding Against Moral Hazard 19

1.3 Controlling the Sum Insured 19

Section 2 The Application of Insurable Interest 20

2.1 Life Insurance 20

2.2 Property Insurance 20

2.3 Liability Insurance 21

Section 3 When Must Insurable Interest Exist? 22

Section 4 Common Features of Insurable Interest 22

4.1 Insurer's Insurable Interest 23

4.2 Enforceable at Law 23

4.3 Possession 23

4.4 Financial Valuation 24

4.5 Assignment of Insurable Interest 24

Chapter 3 The Basic Principle of Insurance(Ⅱ)-Indemnity and Contribution 33

Section 1 Indemnity 33

1.1 Link with Insurable Interest 33

1.2 How Is Indemnity Provided? 34

1.3 Measurement of Indemnity 36

1.4 Factors Limiting the Payment of Indemnity 38

Section 2 Contribution 39

2.1 Definition of Contribution 40

2.2 How Does Contribution Arise? 40

2.3 When Does Contribution Operate? 40

2.4 Basis of Contribution 41

Chapter 4 Subrogation and Proximate Cause 50

Section 1 Subrogation 50

1.1 Definition of Subrogation 50

1.2 Corollary of Indemnity 51

1.3 Extent of Subrogation Rights 51

1.4 How Does Subrogation Arise? 52

1.5 When Does the Right of Subrogation Arise? 53

1.6 Modifications to the Operation of Subrogation 54

Section 2 Proximate Cause 54

2.1 Definition of Proximate Cause 54

2.2 Trains of Event 55

2.3 How to Determine the Efficient Cause? 55

2.4 Examples of Proximate Cause 56

2.5 Remote Causes 57

2.6 Exclusions 57

Chapter 5 Utmost Good Faith 68

Section 1 Definition of Utmost Good Faith 68

1.1 The Duty of Full Disclosure by the Insurer 69

1.2 The Duty of Full Disclosure by the Insured 69

Section 2 Duration of the Duty of Disclosure 70

2.1 Contractual Duty 70

2.2 Position at Renewal 71

2.3 Alterations to the Contract 71

Section 3 Representations and Warranties 71

3.1 Representations 71

3.2 Warranties 72

Section 4 Breach of the Doctrine of Utmost Good Faith 73

4.1 Misrepresentation 73

4.2 Non-disclosure 74

Section 5 Remedies for Breach of Utmost Good Faith 74

5.1 Options for the Aggrieved Party 74

5.2 Compulsory Insurances 75

Chapter 6 Insurance Contract 85

Section 1 Definition of General Contract 85

1.1 Agreement 85

1.2 Intention to Create Legal Relations 86

1.3 Consideration 86

1.4 Form Required by Law 87

1.5 Contractual Capacity 87

Section 2 Definition of Insurance Contract 87

Section 3 The Form of Insurance Contract 88

3.1 Proposer Form 88

3.2 Cover Note 88

3.3 Insurance Certificate 89

3.4 Insurance Policy 89

Section 4 The Main Body,and the Objects of Insurance Contract 89

4.1 The Main Body of Insurance Contract 89

4.2 The Objects of Insurance Contract 89

Section 5 The Contents of Insurance Contract 90

5.1 Provisions 90

5.2 The Main Contents of the Insurance Policy 91

Section 6 The Conclusion of Insurance Contract 91

6.1 The Principle of Entering an Insurance Contract 91

6.2 The Novation of an Insurance Contract 92

6.3 Transfer of Rights of Insurance Contracts 92

Chapter 7 Insurance Market 102

Section 1 London Insurance Market 102

Section 2 London Insurance Companies 103

Section 3 London Insurance Organizations 104

3.1 Association of British Insurers 104

3.2 Institute of London Underwriters 104

3.3 London Insurance and Reinsurance Market Association 105

3.4 Fringe Companies 106

3.5 Contact Offices 106

3.6 Protection and Indemnity Clubs and Other Mutual Companies 106

3.7 Pools 107

3.8 Lloyd's of London 107

Section 4 Insurance Intermediaries 108

4.1 Insurance Brokers 108

4.2 Insurance Agent 109

Section 5 Recent Changes in London Insurance Market 109

Chapter 8 Reinsurance 121

Section 1 Ceding Company and the Reinsurer 121

Section 2 Types of Reinsurance 122

2.1 Proportional Reinsurance Treaty 122

2.2 Non-proportional Reinsurance 124

Section 3 Retention 126

3.1 Retention Under Proportional Reinsurance 126

3.2 Retention Under Non-proportional Reinsurance 127

3.3 Retention Limits 128

Chapter 9 The Structure of Foreign Insurance Companies 137

Section 1 Insurance Companies as Business Organizations 137

1.1 Sole Proprietorship 137

1.2 Partnership 138

1.3 Corporation 138

Section 2 Insurance Companies as Financial Institutions 139

2.1 Insurance Companies Are Parts of Financial Service Industry 139

2.2 The Mixture of Financial Institutions 140

Section 3 Types of Insurance Company Organizations 140

3.1 Stock Insurance Companies 140

3.2 Mutual Insurance Companies 141

Section 4 Organizational Operations 142

4.1 Home Office 142

4.2 Regional Office 142

Chapter 10 Regulations of Insurance Industry 150

Section 1 Insurance Regulations in the United States 150

1.1 State Regulation 151

1.2 Federal Regulation 154

Section 2 Insurance Regulations in Canada 155

2.1 Federal Regulation 155

2.2 Provincial Regulation 157

Section 3 Insurance Regulations in China 159

3.1 Market Admittance 160

3.2 The Construction of Insurance Regulatory Organizations 162

Appendix Ⅰ Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China 171

Appendix Ⅱ 204

1．Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of PICC 204

2．Air Transportation Cargo Insurance Clauses 208

3．Insurance Proposal,Insurance Policy and Endorsement 211

参考书目 215