Les PhilosophesPDF电子书下载

Suggested Reading 7

Author＇s Foreword 8

General Introduction 9

BERNARD LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE (1657-1757) 21

Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) 22

The History of Oracles and the Cheats of the Pagan Priests (1687) 30

PIERRE BAYLE (1647-1706) 34

Miscellaneous Thoughts on the Comet (1682) 35

Philosophical Commentary on the Words of Jesus Christ：Compel Them to Come In (1686-1687) 41

FRANCOIS SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHE-FENELON (1651-1715) 45

Letter to Louis ⅩⅣ (1694) 45

VOLTAIRE [FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET] (1694-1778) 52

Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733) 53

Later Economical Reflections 78

CHARLES LOUIS DE SECONDAT，BARON DE LA BREDE ET DE MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) 83

Persian Letters (1721) 84

Persian Letters (letters no．83，85) 86

The Spirit of Laws (1748) 89

Of Laws Directly Derived from the Nature of Government 91

Of the Principles of the Three Kinds of Government 95

Of the Laws that Form Political Liberty，in Relation to the Subject 112

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) 121

A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1755) 122

The Social Contract (1762) 142

The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right 144

Emile：A Treatise on Education (1762) 161

Emile (selection from Bk．Ⅱ) 162

Emile (selection from Bk．Ⅲ) 165

JULIEN OFFRAY DE LA METTRIE (1709-1751) 168

Man a Machine (1747) 168

JEAN LE ROND D＇ALEMBERT (1717-1783) 178

Preliminary Discourse of the Encyclopedia (1751) 179

CLAUDE ADRIEN HELVETTUS (1715-1771) 185

On the Mind (1759) 185

PAUL HENRI THIRY，BARON D＇HOLBACH (1723-1789) 192

Universal Morality (1776) 192

Common Sense (1772) 194

DENIS DIDEROT (1713-1784) 198

The Philosophy of Science 199

Thoughts on the Interpretation of Nature (1754) 200

Conversations Between D＇Alembert and Diderot (1769) 202

D＇Alembert＇s Dream 212

Elements of Physiology 214

Apologue of the Young Mexican (1777) 215

Political Observations 217

Letters of Sophie Volland 220

VOLTAIRE [FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET] (1694-1778) 233

Social and Political Ideas 234

André Destouches in Siam 239

Dialogues Between A，B，and C (1768) 245

A Letter to Jean Jacques Rousseau (1755) 247

Concerning the Horrible Danger of Reading 255

Philosophical and Religious Ideas 258

Treatise on Toleration (1763) 267

Miscellanies 272

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) 284