Gastroenterology Volume III Second EditionPDF电子书下载

SECTION Ⅷ PARASITIC DISEASES 1

Chapter 87 GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF MAN＆LEE S．MONROE 3

INTRODUCTION:IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM 5

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA 5

Amebas 5

Flagellates 5

Coccidia 8

Ciliates 8

INTESTINAL HELMINTHS 9

Nematodes 9

Cestodes 22

Trematodes 31

Acanthocephala 37

TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION FOR INTESTINAL PARASITES 38

THERAPY OF INTESTINAL PARASITISM 41

Chapter 88 THE SCHISTOSOMIASES＆T．FIGUEIREDO MENDES 52

DEFINITION 53

HISTORY 53

MEDICAL IMPORTANCE 53

SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI 54

SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA 72

SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA 77

SECTION Ⅸ THE LIVER 85

Chapter 89 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER＆HARRIS R．CLEARFIELD 87

Part Ⅰ Anatomy of the liver 88

Part Ⅱ Physiology of the Liver 99

HEPATECTOMY AND REGENERATION 99

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 100

PROTEIN METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 103

LIPID METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 105

BILE 109

ALCOHOL METABOLISM 111

STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 113

COAGULATION FACTORS AND THE LIVER 114

DETOXIFICATION MECHANISMS 116

Chapter 90 ANOMALIES OF THE LIVER＆HARRIS R．CLEARFIELD 124

Chapter 91 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN THE EVALUATION OF HEPATIC DISEASE 129

Part Ⅰ Liver Function Tests and Other Diagnostic Procedures＆EDWIN M．COHN 129

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS 131

Tests Based on Bilirubin Metabolism 131

Tests Based on Protein Metabolism 135

Tests Based on Carbohydrate Metabolism 147

Tests Based on Lipid Metabolism 148

Tests Based on Detoxification 150

Dye Excretion Tests 150

Tests Based on Serum Enzyme Determinations 156

Serum Iron 162

OTHER DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES 163

Liver Biopsy 163

Vascular Procedures 167

Portal Venography 167

Measurement of Portal Venous Pressure 173

Hepatic Vein Catheterization 174

Hemagglutination Test in Hepatic Disease 175

SUMMARY 176

Part Ⅱ Radioisotope Visualization of the Liver＆EMANUEL G．TULSKY 178

Chapter 92 JAUNDICE:METABOLISM OF BILIRUBIN:PATHOGENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF JAUNDICE＆HENRY J．TUMEN 191

METABOLISM OF BILIRUBIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES 191

PATHOGENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF JAUNDICE 200

Chapter 93 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE＆EDWIN O．POLISH 208

Chapter 94 JAUNDICE OF HEMOLYTIC ORIGIN＆LAWRENCE H．BEIZER 221

Chapter 95 OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE＆LEROY H．STAHLGREN 233

Chapter 96 VIRAL HEPATITIS＆HENRY J．TUMEN and EDWIN M．COHN 245

HISTORICAL NOTE 246

ETIOLOGY 246

EPIDEMIOLOGY 248

INCUBATION PERIOD 253

CLINICAL FEATURES 254

ACUTE (ICTERIC) VIRAL HEPATITIS 254

CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS 258

NONICTERIC VIRAL HEPATITIS 258

FULMINANT HEPATITIS 259

VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PREGNANCY 260

NEONATAL AND INFANTILE HEPATITIS 261

LUPOID HEPATITIS 262

DIAGNOSIS 263

PROGNOSIS 265

PROPHYLAXIS 267

TREATMENT 270

Chapter 97 ACUTE LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY CHEMICALS AND DRUGS＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 277

TYPES OF ACUTE LIVER INJURY 278

CLINICAL FEATURES 281

DIAGNOSIS 282

TREATMENT 283

PROGNOSIS 284

EXEMPLI GRATIA 285

True hepatotoxins 285

Hypersensitivity Reactions 286

Miscellaneous Adverse Reactions 288

CHECKLIST OF POTENTIALLY INJURIOUS SUBSTANCES 290

Chapter 98 CIRRHOSIS＆HENRY J．TUMEN and EDWIN M．COHN 299

HISTORY 301

DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION 302

Portal Cirrhosis 304

Postnecrotic Cirrhosis 304

Biliary Cirrhosis 304

ETIOLOGY 304

PATHOGENESIS 311

PATHOLOGY 312

STATISTICAL FEATURES 313

CLINICAL FEATURES 314

ASCITES 315

HYDROTHORAX 321

EDEMA 322

RENAL DISTURBANCES IN CIRRHOSIS 322

JAUNDICE 324

SKIN LESIONS 325

ENDOCRINE DISTURBANCES IN CIRRHOSIS 326

CARDIOVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES IN CIRRHOSIS 328

HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN CIRRHOSIS 329

PEPTIC ULCER 332

MISCELLANEOUS CLINICAL FEATURES OF CIRRHOSIS 333

PHYSICAL FINDINGS IN CIRRHOSIS 335

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES 336

TREATMENT 336

CAUSES OF DEATH AND PROGNOSIS 344

PORTAL HYPERTENSION 345

HEPATIC COMA 364

＂PRIMARY＂BILIARY CIRRHOSIS 378

Chapter 99 HEMOCHROMATOSIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 403

CLASSIFICATION 404

PREVALENCE 404

ETIOLOGY 404

PATHOLOGY 408

CLINICAL FEATURES 412

LABORATORY FINDINGS 413

DIAGNOSIS 414

COMPLICATIONS 415

TREATMENT 416

PROGNOSIS 417

Chapter 100 PERIHEPATITIS AND CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS＆MAURICE MENSH and ROLAND W．BANKS 420

ACUTE PERIHEPATITIS 420

ACUTE GONOCOCCAL PERIHEPATITIS 421

CHRONIC PERIHEPATITIS 423

CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS (PICK＇S SYNDROME) 425

Chapter 101 DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC BLOOD VESSELS＆CHARLES A．JONES 428

DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY 429

DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC VEINS 435

DISEASES OF THE PORTAL VEIN 441

CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME 452

Chapter 102 SPECIFIC INFECTIONS OF THE LIVER 460

Part Ⅰ Syphilis，Tuberculosis，and Actinomycosis＆B．WISSMER 461

Part Ⅱ Weil＇s Disease (Leptospirosis)＆F．VILARDELL 473

Chapter 103 PYOGENIC (NONAMEBIC) ABSCESS OF THE LIVER＆JOHN H．WILLARD 487

Chapter 104 TUMORS OF THE LIVER＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 502

BENIGN TUMORS 503

MALIGNANT TUMORS 506

Primary Malignant Tumors 506

Metastatic Tumors 517

THE LIVER IN HODGKIN＇S DISEASE 522

LEUKEMIC AND OTHER HEPATIC INFILTRATIONS 524

Chapter 105 NONPARASITIC CYSTS OF THE LIVER＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 530

Chapter 106 METABOLIC DISORDERS AND THE LIVER＆V．TACHDJIAN 539

GLYCOGENOSIS (Von Gierke＇s Disease，Glycogen Storage Disease，Hepatonephromegalia Glycogenica) 539

GALACTOSEMIA 543

AMYLOID DISEASE 545

THE LIPIDOSES 548

Gaucher＇s Disease (Reticular and Histiocytic Cerebrosidosis) 548

Niemann-Pick Disease (Reticular and Histiocytic Sphingomyelosis) 550

Histiocytosis X (Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease，Letterer-Siwe Disease，and Eosinophilic Granuloma 551

THE LIVER IN DIABETES MELLITUS 553

THE LIVER IN DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND 556

SECTION Ⅹ AFFECTIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS 565

Chapter 107 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS＆MAURICE M．ROTHMAN 567

Chapter 108 ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER，BILE DUCTS，AND THEIR BLOOD VESSELS＆MAURICE M．ROTHMAN 590

ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER 591

MALPOSITION OF THE GALLBLADDER 598

AGENESIS OF THE GALLBLADDER 599

MISCELLANEOUS ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER 599

ANOMALIES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT 600

OTHER ANOMALIES OF THE BILE DUCTS 601

ANOMALIES OF THE BLOOD VESSELS 606

Chapter 109 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES IN AFFECTIONS OF GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS 609

INTRODUCTION 610

Part Ⅰ Roentgen Examination of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts＆PHILIP J．HODES 611

HISTORICAL DATA 611

SURVEY ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 612

ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY 618

CHOLANGIOGRAPHY 637

Part Ⅱ Biliary Drainage Procedures and Other Laboratory Aids 655

DIAGNOSTIC DUODENAL DRAINAGE OF THE BILIARY TRACT (Meltzer-Lyon Technique) 655

TIMED BILIARY DRAINAGE 664

CHOLECYSTOKININ BILIARY DRAINAGE AND COMBINED SECRETIN-CHOLECYSTOKININ TEST 665

SODIUM DEHYDROCHOLATE TEST 668

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DUODENAL DRAINAGE PROCEDURES 668

OTHER LABORATORY AIDS 671

Chapter 110 MOTOR DISORDERS OF THE BILIARY TRACT (DYSKINESIA，DYSTONIA，DYSSYNERGIA)＆GERALDO SIFFERT 681

Chapter 111 ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS，GALLBLADDER FERFORATION，EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS，GALLBLADDER TORSION，AND BILE PERITONITIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and LEE S．MONROE 700

Part Ⅰ Acute Cholecystitis 701

ACUTE FREE PERFORATION OF THE GALLBLADDER 712

Part Ⅱ Emphysematous Cholecystitis 713

Part Ⅲ Torsion of the Gallbladder 716

Part Ⅳ Bile Peritonitis 719

Chapter 112 ALITHIASIC CHOLECYSTOPATHIES，CHRONIC NONCALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS，AND CYSTIC DUCT SYNDROME 731

Part Ⅰ Alithiasic Cholecystopathies and Chronic Noncalculous Cholecystitis＆GERALDO SIFFERT 732

Part Ⅱ Cystic Duct Syndrome＆FRANZ GOLDSTEIN 740

Chapter 113 CHOLELITHIASIS 746

MILD OF CALCIUM BILE 777

Chapter 114 CHOLESTEROSIS OF THE GALLBLADDER＆J．WARREN HUNDLEY 783

Chapter 115 CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and ALLAN A．KAPLAN 790

Chapter 116 TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS＆EDWIN M．COHN 811

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER 811

PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER 813

METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER 818

SARCOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER 818

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE BILE DUCTS 819

PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS 820

Chapter 117 CHOLANGITIS＆BERNARD WISSMER 827

Chapter 118 ORGANIC ACQUIRED STRICTURE OF BILE DUCTS＆J．WARREN HUNDLEY 837

PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY STRICTURE 838

STRICTURE SECONDARY TO CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS 839

POSTOPERATIVE OR TRAUMATIC STRICTURE 839

Chapter 119 BILIARY FISTULAS:RUPTURE OF BILE DUCTS WITH FREE PERITONITIS＆JOHN H．WILLARD 850

BILIARY FISTULAS 850

Spontaneous Internal Biliary Fistula 851

Spontaneous External Biliary Fistula 858

Postoperative External Biliary Fistula 859

RUPTURE OF BILE DUCT WITH FREE PERITONITIS 861

Chapter 120 SYMPTOMS AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY (POSTCHOLECYSTECTOMY SYNDROME) 865

INTRODUCTION 865

SYMPTOMS UNRELATED TO SURGERY 866

POSTOPERATIVE SEQUELAE 868

FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE BILIARY TRACT (Dyssynergia，Dyskinesia，Dystonia) 871

SECTION Ⅺ THE PANCREAS 875

Chapter 121 EMBRYOLOGY，ANATOMY，AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 877

Chapter 122 ANOMALIES OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 888

Chapter 123 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN THE STUDY OF PANCREATIC DISORDERS 892

Part Ⅰ Laboratory Procedures＆H．L．BOCKUS，M．S．LOPUSNIAK，and V．TACHDJIAN 893

TESTS FOR PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE BLOOD 893

TESTS FOR PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE URINE 905

TESTS FOR PANCREATIC SECRETION VIA DUODENAL INTUBATION 906

EXAMINATION OF THE FECES 914

CARBOHYDRATE TESTS 916

OTHER TESTS FOR ALTERATION OF DIGESTIVE CAPACITY AND MISCELLANY 916

CHOICE OF TESTS 916

Part Ⅱ X-Ray Investigation of the Pancreas＆GEORGE N．STEIN 917

INFLAMMATORY INVOLVEMENT 917

TUMORS AND CYSTS 919

OPERATIVE PANCREATOGRAPHY 925

ISOTOPE SCANNING 931

Chapter 124 ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 937

HISTORICAL REVIEW 937

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 938

HISTOLOGY OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 938

ALPHA CELL AND GLUCAGON 938

BETA CELL AND INSULIN 941

GAMMA AND DELTA CELL 942

HYPOGLYCEMIA 942

Chapter 125 ACUTE PANCREATITIS 949

PATHOGENESIS 951

ETIOLOGY 955

CLINICAL FEATURES 961

DIAGNOSTIC AIDS 963

THE DIAGNOSIS 967

THERAPY 969

COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELAE 973

PROGNOSIS 975

Edema vs．Necrosis 976

PREVENTION OF RECURRENCES 976

Chapter 126 PANCREATIC INJURIES，POSTOPERATIVE PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC FISTULAS＆JOSE MARTINS JOB 983

PANCREATIC INJURIES 983

POSTOPERATIVE PANCREATITIS 986

PANCREATIC FISTULAS 989

Chapter 127 CHRONIC PANCREATITIS，RELAPSING PANCREATITIS，PANCREATIC LITHIASIS，AND CALCIFICATION OF PANCREAS＆ALEXANDER RUSH and H．L．BOCKUS 998

Chapter 128 TUBERCULOSIS AND SYPHILIS OF THE PANCREAS＆ALEXANDER RUSH 1018

Chapter 129 TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS＆J．EDWARD BERK and WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1021

CLASSIFICATION 1022

TUMORS OF EXOCRINE ORIGIN 1022

Benign Adenomas 1022

Adenocarcinomas 1023

TUMORS OF ENDOCRINE ORIGIN 1037

Insulin-Producing Islet Cell Tumors 1037

Islet Cell Tumors Associated With Gastric Hypersecretion (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome) 1041

Other Islet Cell Tumors 1044

NONEPITHELIAL TUMORS 1044

Chapter 130 CYSTS OF THE PANCREAS＆J．EDWARD BERK and WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1052

Chapter 131 CYSTIC FIBROSIS＆G．J．BARBERO 1064

SECTION Ⅻ SECONDARY AFFECTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND MISCELLANY 1077

Chapter 132 PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION AND DISEASE＆HOWARD P．ROME and THOMAS L．BRANNICK 1079

ROLE OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1079

THE SOMATOPSYCHIC THESIS 1081

THE PSYCHOSOMATIC THESIS 1081

ORAL EXPRESSIONS OF BEHAVIOR 1085

ANOREXIA NERVOSA 1086

GLOBUS HYSTERICUS AND ALLIED NEUROSES 1087

PEPTIC ULCER 1088

THE IRRITABLE COLON 1089

CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS 1090

THE PROBLEM OF PAIN 1093

THE＂-OSTOMY＂PATIENT 1095

PSYCHOLOGIC PREPARATION FOR SURGERY 1097

PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF TREATMENT 1100

Chapter 133 ORIENTATION AND MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS;CLINICOPHYSIOLOGIC CORRELATION 1108

INTERRELATIONSHIP OF SYMPTOM PATTERNS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DERANGEMENTS 1109

MECHANISM OF THE SO-CALLED FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS 1110

THE FUTURE OF ORIENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS 1115

COMMON FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 1116

CLINICAL ORIENTATION 1116

Chapter 134 INTIMATIONS OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1119

Chapter 135 GASTROINTESTINAL ALLERGY＆MERLE M．MILLER and EDMUND L．KEENEY 1131

Chapter 136 COLLAGEN DISEASES AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1151

SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (Scleroderma) 1152

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 1155

PERIARTERITIS NODOSA 1156

DERMATOMYOSITIS 1159

Chapter 137 INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS＆SAMUEL BELLET 1163

INNERVATION OF THE HEART AND OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 1163

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS SIMULATING HEART DISEASE 1164

INDIRECT EFFECTS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES ON THE HEART 1165

COEXISTENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE 1166

HEART DISEASE LEADING TO GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES 1167

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS WITH SECONDARY GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS 1168

CARDIAC DRUGS AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 1169

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART AND GALLBLADDER DISEASE 1169

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL VS．MYOCARDIAL CATASTROPHE 1171

Chapter 138 ABDOMINAL VASCULAR DISEASE＆PAUL NEMIR，JR． 1174

ANEURYSMS 1174

OCCLUSIVE DISEASE 1181

ABDOMINAL APOPLEXY 1183

Chapter 139 ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL DISEASE＆STANLEY BAUM 1186

TECHNIQUE OF PERCUTANEOUS SELECTIVE VISCERAL ARTERIOGRAPHY 1187

INDICATIONS AND SELECTION OF PATIENTS 1189

NORMAL ARTERIOGRAM 1189

DISEASE PROCESSES 1191

ARTERIAL MALFORMATIONS AND ANEURYSMS 1213

MESENTERIC ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY AND OCCLUSION 1213

NEOPLASM OF THE STOMACH，SMALL BOWEL，AND COLON 1221

CONCLUSION 1221

Chapter 140 GASTROINTESTINAL-ENDOCRINAL RELATIONSHIPS 1230

Part Ⅰ Thyroid，Parathyroid，and Pancreas＆C．R．TITTLE，JR． 1231

Part Ⅱ Gonads＆A．E．RAKOFF 1243

Part Ⅲ Pituitary and Adrenals＆DENIS M．ABELSON 1247

Chapter 141 DERMATOLOGIC GASTROINTESTINAL RELATIONSHIPS＆M．H．SAMITZ 1259

AVITAMINOSES 1261

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR OCCURRING IN ASSOCIATION WITH SKIN MANIFESTATIONS 1264

Stomach and Intestines 1264

Hepatobiliary Tract 1267

Pancreas 1272

Malignant Neoplasms 1272

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 1273

CONCOMITANT INVOLVEMENT OF SKIN AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE 1277

Connective Tissue Diseases 1277

Metabolic Disorders 1279

Necrotizing Angiitides 1282

Pigmentary Disorders 1283

Sarcoidosis 1285

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica 1286

Chapter 142 DIGESTIVE SYMPTOMS AND GENITOURINARY AFFECTIONS＆JOHANNES F．PESSEL 1291

Chapter 143 FOOD POISONING＆HENRY WALTER，JR． 1301

MICROBIAL FOOD POISONING 1302

Botulism 1302

Staphylococcic Food Poisoning 1305

Streptococcic Food Poisoning 1307

Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning 1307

Bacillus Cereus Food Poisoning 1307

CHEMICAL POISONING 1308

POISONING FROM ANIMALS AND PLANTS 1309

Mushroom Poisoning (Mycetismus) 1309

Favism 1310

Shellfish Poisoning 1310

Fish Poisoning (Ichthyosarcotoxism) 1311

Milk Poisoning 1312

Ergotism 1312

Water Hemlock (Cicuta Maculata) 1312

Rhubarb 1312

INDEX 1317