Sexuality and The Genetics of BacteriaPDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ BACTERIAL GENETICS AND THE DISCOVERY OF GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN BACTERIA 1

1．The Variability of Bacteria 3

Ⅰ．Bacterial Species 4

Ⅱ．Bacterial Variations 5

Ⅲ．Bacterial Mutations and Their Characteristics 9

Ⅳ．The Genetic Apparatus of Bacteria 13

2．The Modes of Transfer of Hereditary Characters in Bacteria and the Genetic Problem of Lysogeny 15

Ⅰ．Genetic Recombination in Bacteria 15

Ⅱ．The Transfer of Hereditary Characters in Bacteria 20

Ⅲ．Lysogeny and Its Genetic Determination 25

3．Genetic Recombination at Low Frequencies 29

Ⅰ．The Genetic Analysis of Crosses 29

Ⅱ．The Subsequent Development of Genetic Analysis 32

Ⅲ．The Difficulties of Genetic Analysis 39

4．Sexual Differentiation and Its Genetic Consequences 41

Ⅰ．The Polarity of Bacterial Crosses 41

Ⅱ．Sexual Polarity and Lysogeny 46

Ⅲ．Sexual Polarity and Bacterial Fertility 49

Ⅳ．The Hypotheses Concerning the Mechanism of Genetic Recombination 50

Part Ⅱ BACTERIAL CONJUGATION AND ITS MECHANISM 55

5．The Characteristics of Crosses with High Frequency of Recombination 57

Ⅰ．The Discovery and Properties of Hfr Strains 57

Ⅱ．Experimental Methods 57

Ⅲ．Characteristics of the Crosses between Hfr H and F- Bacteria:The TL-Gal Chromosomal Segment 65

6．The Chromosomal Location of Prophages 75

Ⅰ．The Temperate Bacteriophage λ 75

Ⅱ．The Location of Prophage λ 81

Ⅲ．The Location of Some Other Prophages 85

7．Zygotic Induction and Its Genetic Effects 93

Ⅰ．Zygotic Induction of Prophage λ 93

Ⅱ．Relations between the Frequency of Zygotic Induction and the Genetic Location of the Prophages 101

Ⅲ．The Genetic Effects of Zygotic Induction 103

8．The Successive Stages in Bacterial Conjugation 109

Ⅰ．Bacterial Conjugation and Its Modes of Expression 109

Ⅱ．The Formation of Zygotes 119

Ⅲ．The Formation of Genetic Recombinants 125

9．The Process of Genetic Transfer During Conjugation 129

Ⅰ．The Kinetics of Genetic Transfer 129

Ⅱ．The Mechanism of Genetic Transfer 138

Ⅲ．The Gradient of Transfer Along the Whole Hfr Chromosome 144

10．The Analysis of F+×F-Crosses and the Organization of the Genetic Material in Escherichia coli K12 155

Ⅰ．The Mechanism of the Low Frequency of Recombination in F+×F-Crosses 155

Ⅱ．The Properties of Different Hfr Types 161

Ⅲ．Mapping of Genetic Characters in Escherichia coli K12 167

11．The Genetic Basis of Sexual Differentiation 179

Ⅰ．The Sexual Types of Escherichia coli 179

Ⅱ．The Genetic Determination of Sexual Types 181

Ⅲ．The Sex Factor as a Genetic Element 189

Part Ⅲ BACTERIAL CONJUGATION AS A GENETIC SYSTEM 201

12．Meromixis and the Structure of the Genetic Material 203

Ⅰ．Meromixis 204

Ⅱ．The Structure of the Genetic Material 210

13．Genetic Recombination 223

Ⅰ．Recombinational Analysis 224

Ⅱ．The Problem of Genetic Recombination 235

14．The Phenotypic Expression of the Genetic Material 249

Ⅰ．Functional Analysis by Sexduction 251

Ⅱ．Phenotypic Expression of Genetic Determinants upon Transfer by Conjugation 255

Ⅲ．Genetic Control of Regulation Mechanisms 259

Ⅳ．Activity of Structural Genes 276

15．The Prophage as a Bacterial Genetic Element 285

Ⅰ．The Relations between Prophage and the Bacterial Chromosome 285

Ⅱ．Functions of a Phage Genome in Relation to Its State 295

Ⅲ．The Prophage as a Model of Provirus 305

16．The Episomes 311

Ⅰ．Episomic Elements in Bacteria 312

Ⅱ．The Episomes as Hereditary Factors 327

CONCLUSIONS 337

REFERENCES 345

SUBJECT INDEX 367