Structure Worksheets For Contemporary EnglishPDF电子书下载

SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS 1

1．1 Predicators，Subjects，Complements 1

1．2 Adjuncts，Isolates 5

1．3 Contained Syntactic Functions 7

1．4 Secondary Syntactic Functions 11

1．5 Syntactic Functions of All Types 13

PARTS OF SPEECH 19

2．1 Verbs 19

2．2 Nouns，Adjectives 21

2．3 Adverbs，Absolutes，Pronouns 23

2．4 Part-of-Speech Classification in General 25

MAIN-CLAUSE PATTERNS AND THEIR SUBORDINATE-CLAUSE DERIVATIVES 27

3．1 Declarative Clauses 27

3．2 Interrogative Clauses 29

3．3 Interrogative Clauses 31

3．4 Interrogative Clauses 33

3．5 Imperative Clauses 35

3．6 Assertive Clauses 37

OTHER MATTERS OF CLAUSE PATTERNING 39

4．1 Verbid Clauses 39

4．2 Verbid Clauses 43

4．3 Negation 47

4．4 Split Clauses 49

4．5 Coordination of Clauses 51

4．6 Clause Patterns in General 53

4．7 Corresponding Main Declaratives 57

4．8 Lapses，Learners＇Errors 59

VOICE AND ASPECT 61

5．1 Voice 61

5．2 Voice 63

5．3 Voice 65

5．4 Aspect 67

5．5 Aspect 69

MODE 71

6．1 Mode 71

6．2 Mode 73

6．3 Possibility 75

6．4 Constraint，Volition 77

TENSE 79

7．1 Present 79

7．2 Present Perfect 81

7．3 Present Future，Present Future Perfect 83

7．4 Past 85

7．5 Past Perfect，Past Future，Past Future Perfect 87

EXPANSION，PERSON AND NUMBER，PARADIGMS，IRREGULAR VERBS 89

8．1 Expansion 89

8．2 Person and Number 91

8．3 Person and Number 93

8．4 Indentification of Forms 95

8．5 Irregular Pasts 97

8．6 Variations in Forms 99

8．7 Lapses and Learners＇Errors 101

PLURALIZERS AND QUANTIFIABLES 103

9．1 Pluralizers 103

9．2 Pluralizers 105

9．3 Pluralizers 107

9．4 Pluralizers 109

9．5 Quantifiables 111

9．6 Quantifiables 113

PROPER NAMES，POSSESSIVES，SYNTACTICALLY EXCEPTIONAL USES OF NOUNS 115

10．1 Proper Nouns 115

10．2 Phrasal Proper Names 117

10．3 Proper Nouns 119

10．4 Noun Possessives 121

10．5 Noun Possessives 123

10．6 Nouns in Nonnounal Constructions 125

ADJECTIVES 127

11．1 Comparison of Adjectives 127

11．2 Comparison of Adjectives 129

11．3 Adjectives in Nonadjectival Constructions 131

ADVERBS 133

12．1 Adverbs in ly 133

12．2 Clause-Marker Adverbs，Coordinators，Conjunctives 135

12．3 Prepositional Adverbs 137

12．4 Adverbs of Miscellaneous Types 139

12．5 Adverbs in Nonadverbial Constructions 141

FULL DETERMINATIVES OF IDENTIFICATION 143

13．1 Demostratives 143

13．2 Definite Article 145

13．3 Indefinite Article and Some 147

13．4 Any，Either，Every，Each，No，Neither 149

13．5 Clause-Marker Determinatives 151

OTHER DETERMINATIVES 153

14．1 Partial Determinatives of Identification 153

14．2 Numerals 155

14．3 Few，Little，Several，Enough 157

14．4 Many，Much，All，Both 159

PERSONAL PRONOUNS 161

15．1 The Personals I，We，You，He，She 161

15．2 The Personals It and They 163

15．3 Nominatives and Objectives 165

15．4 Reflexives and Possessives 167

OTHER NOUNAL PRONOUNS 169

16．1 Each Other，There，General One 169

16．2 Substitute One，Compounds in One，Body，Thing 171

16．3 Clause-Marker That 173

16．4 Clause-Markers Who，Whoever 175

SIMPLEXES，REPETITIVES，COMPOUNDS 177

17．1 Written-Language Merged Forms 177

17．2 Phrasal Parts of Speech 179

17．3 The Problem of＂Sames＂ 181

17．4 Shortened Forms 183

17．5 Multiplication of Vocabulary 185

17．6 Origins of Exceptional Simplexes，Repetitives 187

17．7 Compounds and Apparent Compounds 189

COMPLEXES 191

18．1 Prefixes 191

18．2 Suffixes 193

18．3 Sex，Nationality，Size，etc 195

18．4 Direction of Predication 197

18．5 Nonaffixal Formatives 199

18．6 The Problem of＂Sames＂ 201

VOWELS AND CONSONANTS 203

19．1 Long Stressed Vowel Sounds 203

19．2 Short Stressed Vowel Sounds 205

19．3 The Diphthongs and Triphthongs 207

19．4 The Unstressed Vowel Sounds 209

19．5 Stops 211

19．6 Fricatives，Nasals，Glides，Aspirate 213

19．7 Regularly Formed Noun Plurals 215

19．8 Noun Possessives 217

19．9 S Forms and Past Forms of Regular Verbs 219

19．10 One-Word Forms of Regular Verbs 221

19．11 Phonemic Transcription 225

STRESS，SYLLABIFICATION，INTONATION AND PUNCTUATION 229

20．1 Stress within Words 229

20．2 Words Normally Unstressed 231

20．3 Stress within Phrases 233

20．4 Stress in Sentences 235

20．5 End-of-Line Division of Words 237

20．6 Punctuation Terminating Sentences and Main Divisions of Multiple Sentences 239

20．7 Punctuation within Sentences and Main Divisions of Multiple Sentences 241