ACTIVATED CARBONPDF电子书下载

1 History and Market Review 1

1 Introduction 1

2 Early History 3

3 Recent History 5

4 Markets 7

2 Elementary Aspects of Adsorption by Activated Carbon 15

1 Introduction 15

2 Surfaces and Interfaces 16

3 Rate of Adsorption 19

4 Separation by Adsorption 21

5 Characteristics of Adsorbable Gases and Vapors 21

6 Characteristics of Adsorbable Solutes 25

7 Hydrolytic Adsorption 36

8 Heat of Adsorption 38

3 Gas and Vapor Systems 41

1 Protection against Toxic Gases 41

2 Air Purification and Recovery 44

3 Recovery of Solvent and Other Vapors 55

4 Separation of Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures 60

5 Miscellaneous Applications 61

4 The Survey of a New Venture 67

1 Introduction 67

2 Preliminary Survey 72

3 Decolorization 73

4 Tastes and Odors 79

5 Shelf Life;Stability of Product 81

6 Other Forms of Useftilness 82

7 Organic Colloids 84

8 Haze 86

9 Use of Activated Carbon in Conjunction with other Separations 89

5 Unit Operations in Liquid Systems 95

1 Introduction 95

2 Batch-contact Unit Operation 96

3 Continuous Layer Filtration 102

4 Continuous Percolation through Granular Carbon 102

5 Reactivation 105

6 Storage and Handling 105

6 Unit Processes 108

1 Introduction 108

2 Sugar 109

3 Sugars and Syrups from Conversion of Starch 114

4 Fats and Oils 115

5 Alcoholic Beverages 118

6 Purification of Water 122

7 Organic Colloids 128

8 Miscellaneous Foods 130

9 Organic Chemicals 133

10 Inorganic Chemicals and Metals 136

11 Dry Cleaning Solvents 140

12 Industrial and other Wastes 142

13 Analytical Applications 143

14 Miscellaneous Applications 148

7 Evaluation of Activated Carbons for Liquid Systems 154

1 Introduction 154

2 Selecting an Activated Carbon 161

3 Quality Control 163

8 Manufacture of Activated Carbon 171

1 General 171

2 Theories of Activation 186

9 Nature of Activated Carbon 200

1 Introduction 200

2 Surface Tension 201

3 Capillary Condensation 203

4 Potential Theory 204

5 Langmuir Theory 204

6 Physical and Chemical Adsorption 206

7 Surface Area 211

8 Pore Structure 213

9 Qualitative Characteristics of Surfaces 216

10 Isotherms and Surface Variables 219

11 Hydrolytic Adsorption 221

12 Surface Oxides 225

13 Adsorption Associated with Chemical Change 226

14 The Adsorbed Layer 227

15 Orientation 229

16 Electrophoresis 231

17 Heat of Adsorption 233

10 Desorption in Liquid Systems 241

1 General 241

2 Industrial Applications Employing Adsorption-Desorption 250

3 Possible Approaches to Further Study 251

11 Contact Catalysis 253

1 Theories of Contact Catalysis 254

2 Applications of Activated Carbon as Catalyst 266

12 Biochemical Aspects of Activated Carbon 278

1 Biochemistry 278

2 Pharmacology 282

3 Influence of Carbon on Biological Processes 285

4 Biochemicals 287

13 Laboratory Procedures in Gas and Vapor Adsorption 300

1 Static Adsorption Methods 300

2 Dynamic Adsorption Methods 306

3 Miscellaneous Methods 310

14 Laboratory Procedures for Liquid Systems 314

1 Introduction 314

2 Measurement Colorless Forms Contamination 317

3 Decolorization 321

4 Synthetic Test Solutions 323

5 Laboratory Procedures for Granular Activated Carbons 332

6 Specifications 337

7 Desorption 338

15 Other Properties of Activated Carbon 341

1 Inorganic Constituents 341

2 pH of Carbon 345

3 Structural Characteristics 347

4 Some Miscellaneous Properties 350

16 Final Gleanings 354

1 Introduction 354

2 Measurement of Adsorption 354

3 Items of Theoretical Interest 361

4 Surface Oxides 367

5 Manufacture of a New Carbon 371

6 Some Aspects of Future Research 372

Appendix: Ⅰ Glossary 380

Ⅱ Manufacturers and Suppliers 382

Ⅲ Epilogue 383

Index 385