消化系统 英文版PDF电子书下载

① OVERVIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1

Introduction:overall function of the digestive system 2

Components of the digestive system 2

Physiological processes of the digestive system 2

Distribution of blood to the digestive organs 6

Membrane transport 7

Motility 10

Enteric nervous system 13

Control by autonomic nerves 15

Endocrine control 16

Control of blood flow 16

Control of gastrointestinal functions during a meal 17

② THE MOUTH,SALIVARY GLANDS AND OESOPHAGUS 19

Introduction 20

The mouth 20

Anatomy and histology of the tongue 22

Saliva 29

Salivary glands 30

Oesophagus 35

③ THE STOMACH:BASIC FUNCTIONS 39

Introduction 40

Anatomy and morphology of the stomach 40

Secretory mucosa of the stomach 41

Histology 41

Composition of gastric juice 43

Cellular mechanisms of secretion 43

Role of the stomach in iron absorption 44

Motility in the stomach 47

④ THE STOMACH:CONTROL 51

Introduction 52

Control of gastric secretion 52

Control of pepsinogen secretion 57

Protective mechanisms in the mucosa 59

Acid reduction therapy 59

Control of motility in the stomach 63

Control of the pyloric sphincter 65

Control of gastric function by food 65

⑤ PANCREAS:EXOCRINE FUNCTIONS 71

Introduction 72

Anatomy and morphology 72

Pancreatic juice 75

Alkaline secretion 75

Pancreatic enzymes 77

Control of secretion 80

⑥ LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM 85

Introduction 86

Overview of the functioning of the hepatobiliary system 86

Anatomy and morphology of the liver 86

The gall bladder 100

⑦ THE SMALL INTESTINE 107

Introduction 108

Intestinal phase of digestion 108

Anatomy and structure 109

Structure of the intestinal wall 111

Motility in the small intestine 122

Mixing and propulsion during a meal 123

Control of motility 125

Ileocaecal sphincter 126

Drugs that affect intestinal motility 126

⑧ DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION 129

Introduction 130

Absorption 130

Absorption of important nutrients 130

Protein 138

Minerals and trace elements 141

Water-soluble vitamins 144

Lipids 146

⑨ THE ABSORPTIVE AND POST-ABSORPTIVE STATES 153

Introduction 154

The absorptive state 155

Insulin 157

Post-absorptive state 163

Control of the post-absorptive state 167

⑩ THE COLON 171

Introduction 172

Anatomy 172

Histology 173

Appendix 175

Anal canal 175

Functions 177

⑾ GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY 183

Introduction 184

Gastrointestinal malignancy 184

Symptoms of gastrointestinal malignancy 185

Common gastrointestinal malignancies 186

Tumours of the pancreas 188

Acute abdominal pain 189

Surgical resections 190

Mouth and oropharynx 193

Oesophagus 194

Stomach and duodenum 195

Hepatobiliary disease 196

Pancreas 197

Small bowel conditions 198

Large intestine 201

Ulcerative colitis 202

Glossary 203

Index 207