西方人文传统研究 500-1800PDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ WESTERNCIVILIZATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES(500-1500) 3

CHAPTER ONE THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 3

THE ROMANO-GERMANIC CHRISTIANIZED WEST 3

The Germanic Society 4

The New Political Structure in the West—The Frankish Enrpire 8

The Christian Church 12

CULTURE OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 17

Christianity and Classical Learning 17

The Carolingian Renaissance 18

THE BYZANTINE WORLD 23

The Byzantine Empire 23

The Differences between the Western Church and the Eastern Church 26

BYZANTINE CULTURE 27

Thought 27

The Preservation of Classical Works 28

Byzantine Architecture and Mosaics 28

Byzantine Influence on the West 30

THE ISLAMIC WORLD 30

Islam 31

The Expansion of Islam 32

ISLAMIC CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS 32

Islamic History 33

Islamic Philosophy 34

Islamic Science 34

Islamic Architecture 35

CHAPTER TWO THE HIGH MIDDLE AGE 38

FEUDALISM 39

Vassalage 39

The Chivalric Code 41

The Rebirth of Urban Life and Commerce 41

The Feudal Monarchy 43

The German Empire 45

The Reform of the Church 48

THE CULTURE OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES-THE AGE OF SYNTHESIS 50

The Cathedral Schools and the Rise of the Universities 51

The Age of Synthesis:Scholasticism 52

Vernacular Literature 55

Architecture and Sculpture 59

CHAPTER THREE THE LATE MIDDLE AGES 65

HARD TIMES AND RECOVERY 66

Plague,Famine,and Wars 66

Commercial and Social Dislocation,and Revolts 68

The Forces of Recovery(Industrialization) 70

The Secular Monarchies 71

The Papal Monarchy 74

THE CULTURE OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES 75

Religion 76

Philosophy and Science 80

Literature 82

Art and Architecture 85

PART Ⅱ THE CIVILIZATION OF THE RENAISSANCE(c.1350-c.1550)CHAPTER FOUR THE EARLY RENAISSANCE 90

ITALY OF THE EARLY RENAISSANCE 90

Italian City-states during the Early Renaissance 91

Renaissance Patrons 93

HUMANISM AND CLASSICAL REVIVAL IN ITALY 95

Humanism 96

The Classical Revival 96

Petrarch:Father of Humanism 98

Civic Humanism 99

Textual Criticism:Lorenzo Valla 100

Revival of Platonism:Ficino and Pico 101

The Artistic Renaissance 103

CHAPTER FIVE THE HIGH RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MANNERISM 111

THE STRUGGLE FOR ITALY 112

The Rise of the Modern Sovereign States:Spain and France 112

FROM HIGH RENAISSANCE TO EARLY MANNERISM 112

High Renaissance 112

Mannerism 114

High Renaissance Literature 115

High Renaissance Painting 119

High Renaissance Sculpture 124

High Renaissance Music 126

CHAPTER SIX THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE 128

CHRISTIAN HUMANISM 129

Northern Christian Humanism and Desiderius Erasmus 129

Sir Thomas More and His Utopia 131

LITERATUER AND ARTS 132

Literature Renaissance 132

Artistic Renaissance 138

SCENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS 145

Astronomy 146

Medicine and Anatomy 147

CHAPTER SEVEN THE CHRISTIAN REFORMATIONS,RELIGIOUS WARS AND MANNERISM(c.1517-c.1648) 149

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 149

Martin Luther and the Reformation 150

The Spreading of the Protestant Reformation 154

The Protestant Heritage 161

THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION 162

The Counter-Reformation Popes 163

The Council of Trent 163

The Society of Jesus 164

A HALF CENTURY OF RELIGIOUS WARS 166

The French Wars of Religion(1562-1598) 167

The Revolt of the Netherlands 168

Hostility between England and Spain 170

MANNERISM 172

PART Ⅲ FAITH,REASON,AND POWER IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD(1600-1800)CHAPTER EIGHT THE AGE OF BAROQUE 176

WARFARE,ABSOLUTISM,AND THE BALANCE OF POWER 177

The Thirty Years' War 178

The Supreme Example of Absolutism:France 178

Limited Monarchy:The Dutch Republic and England 181

THE BAROQUE STYLE 183

The Florid Baroque and the Roman Catholic Church 184

The Classical Baroque and the Absolutism in France 191

The Restrained Baroque in the Netherlands and England 194

Baroque Literature 198

Baroque Music 206

CHAPTER NINE THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT(1600-1789) 209

THE SCENTIFIC REVOLUTION 210

The Empiricist Francis Bacon 211

The Rationalist Rene Descartes 211

English and French Traditions 213

Newton's Law of Gravitation 214

THE ENLIGHTENMENT 214

The Intelligibility of the Universe 215

The Confidence in Scientific Method 215

The Psychology of John Lock 216

The Philosophies 216

CULTURAL TRENDS:FROM ROCOCO TO NEOCLASSICAL 219

The Rococo Style 219

Neoclassicism 222

References 229