Invertebrate ZoologyPDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 2 THE PROTOZONS 7

Subphylum Plasmodroma 8

Class Mastigophora 9

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS MASTIGOPHORA 18

Class Sarcodina 18

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS SARCODINA 28

Class Sporozoa 28

Subphylum Ciliophora;Class Ciliata 29

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS CILIATA 43

Chapter 3 THE ORIGIN OF THE METAZOA 45

Phylum Mesozoa 47

Chapter 4 THE SPONGES 49

The Classes of Sponges 57

The Phylogenetic Position of Sponges 59

Chapter 5 THE COELENTERATES 60

Histology and Physiology of Hydra 61

Class Hydrozoa 67

Class Scyphozoa 76

Class Anthozoa 80

Chapter 6 THE CTENOPHORES 91

Chapter 7 THE FLATWORMS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE BILATERIA 97

Introduction to the Turbellaria 97

The Acoela 98

The Higher Turbellaria 102

The Parasitic Flatworms 113

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF THE PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES 114

Chapter 8 THE NEMERTEANS 116

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF THE PHYLUM RHYNCHOCOELA 123

Chapter 9 SPIRAL CLEAVAGE AND THE EMBRYOLOGY OF TURBELLARIANS AND NEMERTEANS 125

Types of Cleavage and Embryonic Development 125

Embryology of the Turbellaria 128

Embryology of the Nemerteans 131

Chapter 10 THE PSEUDOCOELOMATES 133

Phylum Aschelminthes 135

Class Rotifera 135

Class Gastrotricha 145

Class Kinorhyncha 148

Class Priapulida 150

Class Nematoda 152

Class Nematomorpha 161

Phylum Acanthocephala 162

Phylum Entoprocta 163

Chapter 11 THE ANNELIDS 168

Class Polychaeta 169

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS POLYCHAETA 208

Class Oligochaeta 210

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS OLIGOCHAETA 225

Class Hirudinea 225

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS HIRUDINEA 236

Chapter 12 THE MOLLUSKS 238

Class Amphineura 243

THE APLACOPHORA 249

Class Gastropoda 250

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS GASTROPODA 277

Class Pelecypoda 278

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS PELECYPODA 300

Class Scaphopoda 301

Class Cephalopoda 303

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS CEPHALOPODA 318

The Monoplacophora and the Origin of the Mollusca 318

Chapter 13 INTRODUCTION TO THE ARTHROPODS;THE TRILOBITES 321

Evolution of the Arthropods 326

SYNOPSIS OF THE ARTHROPOD CLASSES 328

The Trilobites 328

Chapter 14 THE CHELICERATES 334

Class Merostomata 334

Subclass Xiphosura 334

Subclass Eurypterida 339

Class Arachnida 340

The General Structure and physiology of Arachnids 340

Summary of Evolutionary Tendencies in the Arachnids 345

Order Scorpionida 345

Order Pseudoscorpionida 348

Order Solpugida 352

Order Palpigradi 354

Order Uropygi 355

Order Amblypygi 356

Order Araneae 356

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF THE ORDER ARANEAE 367

Order Ricinulei 368

Order Opiliones 369

Order Acarina 370

Class Pycnogonida 375

Chapter 15 THE CRUSTACEANS 380

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS CRUSTACEA 391

Subclass Cephalocarida 392

Subclass Branchiopoda 392

Subclass Ostracoda 399

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF SUBCLASS OSTRACODA 402

Subclass Copepoda 402

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF SUBCLASS COPEPODA 408

Subclass Mystacocarida and Subclass Branchiura 410

Subclass Cirripedia 410

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF SUBCLASS CIRRIPEDIA 420

Subclass Malacostraca 421

Order Nebaliacea 422

Superorder Syncarida;Order Anaspidacea 422

Superorder hoplocarida and Order Stomatopoda 424

Superorder peracarida 427

Order Mysidacea 427

Order Cumacea 428

Order Tanaidacea 429

Order Isopoda 430

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF ORDER ISOPODA 434

Order Amphipoda 435

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF ORDER AMPHIPODA 441

Superorder Eucarida 442

Order Euphausiacea 442

Order Decapoda 442

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF ORDER DECAPODA 464

Vertical Migration in Crustaceans 466

Chromatophores,Hormones,Physiological Rhythms,and Autotomy 467

Crustacean Phylogeny 471

Chapter 16 THE MYRIAPODOUS ARTHROPODS 475

Class Diplopoda 475

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS DIPLOPODA 481

Class Pauropoda 482

Class Symphyla 483

Class Chilopoda 484

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF CLASS CHILOPODA 488

Chapter 17 ANNELIDAN AND ARTHROPODAN ALLIES 490

Phylum Sipunculida 490

Phylum Echiurida 493

Phylum Tardigrada 496

Phylum Onychophora 499

Phylum Pentastomida 503

Chapter 18 THE LOPHOPHORATE COELOMATES 505

Phylum Phoronida 506

Phylum Ectoprocta 508

SYSTEMATIC RéSUMé OF PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA 518

Phylum Brachiopoda 518

Chapter 19 THE ECHINODERMS 524

Class Asteroidea 526

Class Echinoidea 539

Class Ophiuroidea 552

Class Holothuroidea 557

Class Crinoidea 567

Fossil Echinoderms and Echinoderm Phylogeny 574

ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND DISTRIBUTION 580

Chapter 20 THE LESSER DEUTEROSTOMES 582

Phylum Hemichordata 582

CLASS ENTEROPNEUSTA 582

CLASS PTEROBRANCHIA 589

Hemichordate Phylogeny 590

Phylum Pogonophora 590

Phylum Chordata 591

Subphylum Urochordata 591

CLASS ASCIDIACEA 591

CLASS THALIACEA 601

CLASS LARVACEA 603

UROCHORDATE PHYLOGENY 603

Phylum Chaetognatha 604

INDEX 609