SUSTAIABLE URDAN NEIGHBOURHOOD BUILDING THE 21ST CENTURY HOMEPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION 1

The policy shift 6

The attractive city 8

A divided society 10

Structure of this book 12

PART 1：THE ORIGINS 19

CHAPTER 1 The flight from the city 19

The golden age of cities 19

The industrial city 22

The great escape 24

The inner city 27

American experience 29

Continental experience 29

The UK urban renaissance 33

CHAPTER 2 Lost Utopias 37

The garden city pioneers 37

The modernist reformers 41

Paradise lost 45

CHAPTER 3 The taming of the city 47

Comprehensive redevelopment 49

The neighbourhood unit 50

The free flow of traffic 50

The benefits of open space 52

The curse of overcrowding 52

Postwar plan making 56

The lost urban vision 57

The suburban conspiracy 59

New planning disasters 59

CHAPTER 4 The shaping of the English home 61

The 19th century home 61

Middle-class suburbs 63

The development of flats 66

The 20th century home 66

Housing since 1945 69

Private housing since 1980 74

Social housing since 1980 78

Towards the 21st century 80

PART 2：THE INFLUENCES 83

CHAPTER 5 Climate change：Environmental pressures on future settlements 83

The environment and the shape of settlements 84

The rise of environmental awareness 86

The impact of global warming 88

Other environmental issues 91

The impact on development 95

The stranglehold of the car 97

CHAPTER 6 Choice：Changing household characteristics and the 21st century home 101

Changing household composition 103

The mechanisms of demographic change 106

Changing social and economic trends 110

The impact on cities 111

CHAPTER 7 Community：Social sustainability in the suburb and city 115

The value of community 116

Communities are good for you 117

Different types of community 120

CHAPTER 8 Cost：The economy of urban development 125

Innovation and cost 125

Continental approaches to cost 126

Market constraints 127

Location 129

The development industry 129

Land value 130

Cost constraints in social housing 132

The future inuence of cost 133

PART 3：THE SUSTRINABLE URBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD 143

CHAPTER 9 Urban repopulation 143

Government policy to stem dispersal 143

The people-where will they go？ 147

Urban density and gasoline consumption 148

Protecting our green and pleasant land 150

The regeneration of our cities 151

There is not the space 152

The lost populations 153

Brown field land 154

Other sources of urban housing capacity 156

The ‘curse’of town cramming 161

Will people return to cities？ 163

CHAPTER 10 The eco-neighbourhood 167

What is urban sustainability？ 167

Sustainability and the city 169

The eco-neighbourhood 172

Energy use 179

Urban recycling 183

Water and sewage 186

Green space 187

CHAPTER 11 Urban building blocks 191

The importance of the street 192

A framework of streets 201

Hierarchies 201

The urban block 206

Urban grain 211

Places not spaces 212

The identity of urban areas 220

A critical mass of activity 223

A rich mix of uses 224

CHAPTER 12 The sociable neighbourhood 227

The challenge of creating sustainable communities 228

Continuity 232

Balance 233

Neighbourhood-based development 233

Robust urban development 235

Secure places 237

Community and stewardship 239

Balanced incremental development 241

CHAPTER 13 A model neighbourhood？ 243

The development of Hulme 243

The great urban experiment 247

A model neighbourhood？ 251

Autonomous urban development 257

The sustainable urban block 262

CHAPTER 14 The process of urban generation and regeneration 267

The natural process of urban growth 269

Emergent cities 270

Self-organising urbanism 271

How we lost the art of city building 273

Is planning the problem？ 275

New rules 277

The role of masterplanning 280

New life for urban Britain 283