Conflicts in a nutshellPDF电子书下载

GENERAL PART 7

1.Terminology and Scope 7

1.Choice of law and jurisdiction 7

2-1.Conflict of laws" and "private international law 8

2-2.Interterritorial and intertemporal conflicts 10

3.Datum and rule of decision 11

4.2.History 12

a.The European Continent 15

5-1.Statutism 15

5-2.Comity 16

5-3.From vested rights to modern pluralism 17

b.England and the United States 19

6-1.Lex fori 19

6-2.Joseph Story 20

6-3."Vested rights": Dicey and Beale 21

7."Local law" 22

8-1.3.Current Doctrine 24

a."Revolution" 25

8-2."Justice" 25

8-3.Cavers: Principles of Preference 26

8-4.The Second Restatement: The "most significant relationship" 26

8-5.Currie: "Governmental interests" 28

8-6.Von Mehren and Trautman: "Functional approach" 31

8-7.Weintraub: "Functional" analysis 32

b."Counter-revolution" 33

8-8.Leflar: Choice-influencing considerations 33

8-9.Rheinstein: Problem selection 34

8-10.c.The courts 35

4.Sources 39

a.Choice and non-choice 39

9-1.(1) Forum rule by non-choice: selfassertion and self-delimitation 39

(2) Choice of foreign law by formulated rules 40

9-2.Civil-law codes 40

9-3.Common-law legislation 41

9-4.Precedent 42

9-5.(3) Choice under inchoate rules 44

(4) Choice by interpreting forum policy 45

9-6."Theory" 45

9-7."Relevance" 46

9-8.The "better rule"? 47

9-9.(5) Forum rule as residuary 48

(6) The author's so-called "lex-fori approach" defended 48

9-10.General critique 48

9-11.Forum shopping 50

b.International law 52

10-1.Treaties 52

10-2.Customary law 53

c.National law 53

11-1.(1) International conflicts 53

11-2.(2) "Federal fields" 55

11-3.Federal common law 56

11-4."General maritime law" 56

12-1.(3) Constitution 57

12-2.Due Process 58

(a) Negative application 58

12-3.(b) Affirmative application 59

13-1.Full Faith and Credit 60

(a) In general 60

13-2.(b) Statutes of limitations 62

13-3.(c) Wrongful death statutes 63

13-4.(d) Workmen's compensation acts 64

13-5.(e) Conclusions 64

d.State law 65

14-1.Klaxon doctrine 65

14-2.Legislation 66

5.The "Structure" of Choice of Law Rules 67

15-1.Traditional devices 67

15-2."False conflicts" 68

a.Characterization 70

16-1.Contract or tort 70

16-2."Legal ideas" or "gimmicks" 71

16-3.Interpretation 72

16-4.Lex fori or lex causae? 73

16-5.Preliminary (incidental) question 74

17-1.b.Renvoi 75

17-2.Theory 75

17-3.Practice 76

17-4.Rationale 78

c.Public policy 79

18-1.In general 79

18-2.Penal laws and taxes 80

18-3.Filling the gap 82

18-4.Fraud on the law 82

6.Choice of Forum Law 83

a.Procedural characterization 83

19-1.Original use 83

19-2.Extended use 84

19-3.Future use 84

19-4.Deficiency judgments 86

20-1.b.Recognition of judgments (an excursus) 87

(1) Extranational judgments 87

20-2.Judicial acts 87

20-3.Administrative acts 89

20-4.Extralitigious proceedings 90

(2) Sister state judgments 90

20-5.Judicial acts 90

20-6.Administrative acts 91

c.Statute of limitations 92

(1) Favor rei" 92

21-1.Shorter forum statute 92

21-2.Shorter foreign statute 92

21-3.(2) "Favor actoris" (the longer statute) 94

22-1.d."Moral data" (non-choice) 95

22-2.(1) Negligence 95

(2) Restitution 97

22-3.The concept 97

22-4.Lex causae? 98

22-5.Lex fori 99

22-6.Exceptions? 99

(3) Equitable defenses 100

22-7."Unclean hands" 100

22-8.Estoppel 101

22-9.Fraud 101

22-10.Corporate veil 102

7.Finding the Foreign Law 103

a.Theory 103

23-1.Vested rights 103

23-2.Law or fact 103

b.Failure to plead 104

24-1.Party agreement 104

24-2.Ex-officio application 105

c.Failure of proof 107

25-1.Judicial notice 107

25-2.Other solutions 107

25-3.d.Mechanics 109

PERSONS 110

1.Natural Persons in General 110

a.Status and its incidents 110

26-1.History 110

26-2."Public law" status-arriage 111

26-3.Non-status-adoption 113

26-4.The future of "status" 114

b.The "personal law" 115

27.Nationality and domicile 115

28.The concept of domicile 116

29.c.Capacity 118

2.Domestic Relations 119

a.Marriage 119

(1) Agreements relating to marriage 119

30-1.Engagement 119

30-2.Anti-marriage and divorce stipulations 119

30-3.Antenuptial and postnuptial agreements 120

(2) Validity of marriage 121

31-1.Valid under law of celebration 121

31-2.Invalid under law of celebration 124

31-3.Two marriages 125

b.Children and parents 127

32.(1) Legitimacy by birth 127

(2) Legitimation 128

33-1.In general 128

33-2.Subsequent matrimony 128

34.Acknowledgment 129

35.Attempted marriage 131

36.(3) Illegitimacy 132

37.(4) Adoption 133

c.Family support (URESA) 135

38-1.Defendant's law 135

38-2.Plaintiffs law 136

38-3.A better law? 137

3."Juristic Persons? 138

39.a.Personality 138

40.b.Personal law 139

41.c.Capacity 141

d.The members 142

42-1.Members inter se; transfer of membership 142

42-2.Members and the corporation 143

43.Members and third parties 144

44.e.Partnerships 145

45.f.Regulatory measures 146

CONTRACTS 147

46-1.1.General Analysis 147

a.Express stipulation: professio juris 147

46-2.General rule 147

46-3.Limitation? 149

b.Adhesion contracts 150

47-1.Professio juris 150

47-2.In general梐n excursus 152

c.Third parties 153

(1) Agency 153

48-1.Actual authority 153

48-2.Apparent authority 154

49.(2) Third party beneficiaries 156

50.(3) Assignment 157

51.(4) Subrogation 158

52-1.2.Validity 159

52-2.a.Europe 160

b.United States 161

53-1.Party autonomy 161

53-2.Vested rights 161

53-3."Most significant relationship" 163

53-4.Lex fori 164

54.Presumption of validity 165

c.Phases of the validity problem 167

(1) Form requirements 167

55-1."Imperative rules" 167

55-2.Validation 168

55-3.Invalidation 170

55-4."Interests" and "the most significant relationship" 171

56-1.(2) Capacity to contract 172

56-2.Married women 174

56-3.Infants 175

(3) Formation of the contract 177

57-1.Sufficiency of consideration 177

57-2.Offer and Acceptance 177

(4) Legality 178

58-1.Presumption of validity 178

58-2.Invalidation under forum law 179

58-3.Invalidation under foreign law 179

59.Usury in particular 181

3."Performance" ？ 183

60.a.Introduction 183

b.Interpretation and construction 184

61-1.Interpretation 184

61-2.Construction 185

62-1.c.Discharge 186

62-2.Performance 186

62-3.Release 187

62-4.Operation of law 187

63-1.d.Breach 188

63-2.Implied warranties 188

63-3.Requirement of notice 189

63-4.Statute of limitations 190

63-5.Specific performance 190

64.Damages 191

65.Interest 193

4.Particular Contracts 194

a.Insurance 194

(1) Life, accident, and fire insurance 194

66-1.Professio juris 194

66-2.Lex fori against imperative formulas 194

66-3.Location of the risk 195

(2) Casualty insurance 196

67-1.The dilemma 196

67-2.Interspousal immunity 197

67-3.Direct actions 198

68.b.Suretyship 200

c.Employment 202

69-1.(1) Validity 202

(2) "Master and servant" 202

69-2."Right to work" 202

69-3.Wages 203

69-4.Pre-tort release 204

70.Workmen's compensation 204

(3) Principal and agent 206

71-1.Real estate brokers 206

71-2.Other agents 207

72.d.Transportation 208

73.e.Procedural agreements 210

74.f.Arbitration 210

75.An excursus: Court argument and bar examination 211

TORTS 213

1.History and Doctrine 213

76-1.a.From lex fori to lex loci 213

76-2.b.From place of conduct to place of harm 215

c.New formulas? 216

76-3.The need 216

76-4.Adherence 217

76-5.Rejection 218

76-6.d.The law 219

2.General Principles 220

77-1.a.Classification by issues (depe？age) 220

77-2.(1) Damages in general 221

77-3.Periodic payments 222

77-4.Loss of consortium 222

(2) Limitation on wrongful death damages 223

77-5.Exit the limiting lex loci 223

77-6.Exit the limiting lex fori 227

77-7.Interpretation of the forum statute 228

77-8.Insurability in particular 229

77-9.Forum shopping 230

78-1.(3) Survival of action and standing to sue 230

(4) Re-allocation of the loss 231

78-2.Release of co-tortfeasors 231

78-3."Splitting" the cause of action 232

78-4.Contribution between tortfeasors 232

78-5.Fellow servant rule 233

78-6.(5) Punitive damages 234

79.b.Classification by torts: admonition versus compensation 234

3.Intentional Torts and Other Moral "Wrongs" 237

80-1.a.Family relations 237

b.Personal injury 238

80-2.Assault and battery 238

80-3.Dram Shop Acts 238

80-4.Moral negligence 239

c.Property 240

80-5.Fraud 240

80-6.Abuse of process 241

80-7.Conversion and trespass 242

80-8.Insurers' liability 243

d.Trade 244

81-1.Antitrust 244

81-2.Securities regulations 244

82.Unfair competition and trademarks 245

e.Reputation 246

83-1.Individual defamation 246

83-2.Mass (multistate) defamation 247

83-3.Lex causae? (herein of statutes of limitation) 248

83-4.Lex fori? 248

83-5.What now? 249

83-6.f.Invasion of privacy 249

84.4.Accidents (Enterprise Liability) 250

a.Traffic accidents 251

(1) Negligence 251

85-1.Cause of action 251

85-2.Contributory negligence 253

(2) Third party liability 253

86-1.The Scheer rule 253

87-1.Vicarious liability in general 255

87-2.The automobile owner in particular 256

88.Community property 258

89-1.(3) Guest statutes 258

89-2.The "revolution" 259

89-3.Retreat? 262

89-4.Advance? 263

(4) Immunities 265

90-1.Family 265

90-2.Charities 266

b.Products liability 267

91-1.Forum law? 267

91-2.Foreign law? 269

91-3.Plaintiffs choice? 270

c.Other accident liabilities 270

92.Dog-bites 270

93.Blasting and other ultra-hazardous activities 271

94.Malpractice 272

95.d.Outlook 273

PROPERTY 274

1.Land (Immovables) 274

a.In general 274

96-1.The lex situs 274

96-2.Renvoi 275

96-3.Terminology 276

97.b.Title to land (conveyances) 276

c.Land contracts 277

98-1.Validity 277

98-2.Other questions 279

98-3.d.Leases 280

98-4.e.Liens 280

2.Chattels 281

a.Lex situs, personal law, and lex actus 281

99-1.History 281

99-2.Analysis 282

b.Derivative acquisition (transfer) 283

100-1.Validity 283

100-2.Repossession 285

c.Original acquisition (bona fide purchase) 286

101-1.Introduction 286

101-2.Automobiles 287

102.Other chattels 290

3.Intangibles 292

a.In general 292

103-1.Lex situs 292

103-2.Other formulas 292

b.Negotiable instruments 293

104.Unification? 293

105-1.Contractual obligations 294

105-2.Property rights 296

106.A better law? 296

c.Assignments 297

107-1.Validity 297

107-2.Assignability 298

107-3.Successive assignments 299

d.Living trusts 300

108-1.Validity 300

108-2.Administration 301

108-3."Construction" 303

4.Marital Property 304

a.In general 304

109-1.Prior titles 304

109-2.Full mutability 304

109-3.Partial mutability 305

110.b.Immovables 306

111.c.Movables 307

SUCCESSION 309

1.General Problems 309

112-1.Situs and domicile 309

112-2.Movables and immovables 310

113.2.Immovables 311

a.Intestate succession 312

114-1."Status" and succession 312

114-2.Against the "land taboo"? 313

b.Testate succession 314

115-1.Validity 314

115-2.Other questions 315

116.c.Anti-testate succession 316

3.Movables 317

117.a.Intestate succession 317

b.Testate succession 318

(1) Validity 318

118-1.Formal validity 318

118-2.Capacity 318

119-1.Charitable bequests 319

119-2.Other questions of validity 320

120-1.(2) Interpretation and construction 320

120-2.(3) Revocation 321

121.c.Anti-testate succession 323

122.d.Administration 324

123.THE NUTSHELL "IN A NUTSHELL" 325

Table of Cases 337

Index 375