An Introduction to Space LawPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER ⅠIntroduction 1

A. HISTORICAL OUTLINE 1

B. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS 3

C. CUSTOMARY LAW 9

D. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 12

CHAPTER ⅡThe Boundaries of Outer Space 15

A. BOUNDARIES AND DELIMITATION 15

B. EARTH ORBITS 20

CHAPTER ⅢThe Space Law Treaties 23

A. THE OUTER SPACE TREATY OF 1967 24

1. Article Ⅰ in Conjunction with Article Ⅲ 25

2. Article Ⅱ 26

3. Article Ⅳ 26

4. Article Ⅴ 28

5. Article Ⅵ 28

6. Articles Ⅶ, Ⅷ 29

7. Article Ⅸ 29

8. Article Ⅹ 30

9. Article ⅩⅠ 30

10. Article ⅩⅡ 31

11. Articles Ⅷ-ⅩⅦ 31

B. THE RESCUE AGREEMENT OF 1968 31

C. THE LIABILITY CONVENTION OF 1972 34

1. The Preliminaries 34

2. Definitions (Article I) 35

3. Grounds for Liability 37

4. Joint Liability (Articles IV, V and VI) 38

5. Exoneration from Liability 38

6. Compensation for Damage 38

7. Exception to the Principle of Total Compensation 39

8. Claims 40

9. International Organizations 43

D. THE REGISTRATION CONVENTION OF 1975 44

E. THE MOON AGREEMENT OF 1979 48

CHAPTER ⅣExploration and Uses of Outer Space 53

A. METEOROLOGY 53

B. COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES 55

1. Direct Broadcasting by Satellite (DBS) 56

2. International Organizations 59

a. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 59

b. Intelsat, Intersputnik and Inmarsat 60

c. Other Organizations 63

3. Rules and Regulations 63

4. Using Satellites for Air Navigation Control 67

C. REMOTE SENSING 70

1. Past and Present Legal Implications 70

2. The Bilateral Approach 74

3. Multilateral Moves - UNCOPUOS 76

4. The Second UNISPACE Conference 77

5. Verification 81

D. MANNED SPACE FLIGHTS, SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 83

1. Introductory Notes 83

2. Aerospace Planes 84

3. Liability 85

E. LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES 87

1. Introductory Notes 87

2. Characteristics of Space Stations 87

3. Functions of Space Stations 88

4. Legal Aspects 88

a. Definitions 88

b. Registration 90

c. Liability 90

d. Co-operation 91

e. Free Access and Private Use 92

f. Jurisdiction and Settlement of Disputes 92

5. Mir and ISS 93

F. SOLAR POWER SATELLITES 97

1. Definition of Solar Energy 97

2. Using SPS, and Its Legal Implications 98

a. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 99

b. The UN Charter 99

c. The Geostationary Orbit 99

d. The Liability Convention 100

e. The Registration Convention 100

f. The ITU Rules 100

g. Contamination and Pollution 101

G. NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES (NPS) 101

H. COMMERCIAL USE OF OUTER SPACE 106

1. Introductory Notes 106

2. The Present Legal Position 107

3. Intellectual Property 110

4. Insurance 113

5. Product Liability Insurance 117

6. Special Needs of Developing Countries 118

7. Forms of Co-operation 120

8. Legal Implications for the Future 121

CHAPTER ⅤEnvironmental Issues 123

A. INTRODUCTORY NOTES 123

B. DAMAGE 127

1. Damage Caused by Debris Circulating in Space 127

2. Damage Caused by Harmful Contamination and Harmful Interference 130

3. Damage Caused by Nuclear and Radioactive Space Activities 131

4. Damage to the Ozone Layer 131

5. Damage Caused by Space Stations 132

6. Damage Caused by Solar Satellites 132

CHAPTER ⅥPreserving Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes 135

A. INTRODUCTORY NOTES 135

B. VERIFICATION 138

C. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 142

D. CONCLUDING NOTE 144

CHAPTER ⅦTrends in Case Law 147

A. CASE LAW 147

1. Appalachian Insurance Co. v. McDonnell Douglas 149

2. Hughes Galaxy Inc. v. US Government 149

3. American Satellite Co. v. US Government 151

4. Martin Marietta Corporation v. International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (Intelsat) 151

5. Transpace Carriers v. US Government 152

6. Regina Doring-Kuschel and Benno Cams v. Schellenberg, Ogilvy and Mather GmbH 153

7. The Netherlands Antilles v. Antilles Communications N.V. 153

8. Florida Coalition for Peace and Justice v. George Herbert Walker Bush 154

9. AT&T v. Martin Marietta 154

10. Nemitz v. United States 155

B. COMMENTS 156

Annexes 159

1. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967) 161

Article Ⅰ 162

Article Ⅱ 162

Article Ⅲ 162

Article Ⅳ 162

Article Ⅴ 163

Article Ⅵ 163

Article Ⅶ 163

Article Ⅷ 164

Article Ⅸ 164

Article Ⅹ 165

Article ⅩⅠ 165

Article ⅩⅡ 165

A rticle ⅩⅢ 165

Article ⅩⅣ 166

Article ⅩⅤ 166

Article ⅩⅥ 166

Article ⅩⅦ 167

2. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (1968) 169

Article 1 169

Article 2 170

Article 3 170

Article 4 170

Article 5 170

Article 6 171

Article 7 171

Article 8 172

Article 9 172

Article 10 172

3. Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (1972) 173

Article Ⅰ 173

A rticle Ⅱ 174

A rticle Ⅲ 174

Article Ⅳ 174

Article Ⅴ 175

Article Ⅵ 175

Article Ⅶ 175

Article Ⅷ 176

Article Ⅸ 176

Article Ⅹ 176

Article ⅩⅠ 177

Article ⅩⅡ 177

Article ⅩⅢ 177

Article ⅩⅣ 111

Article ⅩⅤ 178

Article ⅩⅥ 178

Article ⅩⅦ 178

Articte ⅩⅧ 178

Articte ⅩⅨ 179

Articte ⅩⅩ 179

Article ⅩⅩⅠ 179

Article ⅩⅩⅡ 179

Article ⅩⅩⅢ 180

Article ⅩⅩⅣ 180

Articte ⅩⅩⅤ 181

Article ⅩⅩⅥ 181

Article ⅩⅩⅦ 181

Article ⅩⅩⅧ 181

4. Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (1975) 183

Article Ⅰ 184

Article Ⅱ 184

Article Ⅲ 184

Article Ⅳ 185

Article Ⅴ 185

Article Ⅵ 185

Article Ⅶ 186

Article Ⅷ 186

Article Ⅸ 186

Article Ⅹ 187

Article ⅩⅠ 187

Article ⅩⅡ 187

5. Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1979) 189

Article 1 189

Article 2 190

Article 3 190

Article 4 190

Article 5 191

Article 6 191

Article 7 192

Article 8 192

Article 9 193

Article 10 193

Article 11 193

Article 12 194

Article 13 195

Article 14 195

Arricte 15 195

Article 16 196

Article 17 197

Article 18 197

Article 19 197

Article 20 198

Article 21 198

6. Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting (10 December 1982) 199

A. Purposes and Objectives 199

B. Applicability of International Law 199

C. Rights and Benefits 200

D. International Co-operation 200

E. Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 200

F. State Responsibility 200

G. Duty and Right to Consult 201

H. Copyright and Neighbouring Rights 201

I. Notification to the United Nations 201

J. Consultations and Agreements between States 201

7. Principles on Remote Sensing (11 December 1986) 203

Principle Ⅰ 203

Principle Ⅱ 203

Principle Ⅲ 204

Principle Ⅳ 204

Principle Ⅴ 204

Principle Ⅵ 204

Principle Ⅶ 205

Principle Ⅷ 205

Principle Ⅸ 205

Principle Ⅹ 205

Principle ⅩⅠ 205

Principle ⅩⅡ 206

Principle ⅩⅢ 206

Principle ⅩⅣ 206

Principle ⅩⅤ 206

8. Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power in Outer Space (14 December 1992) 207

Principle 1. Applicability of International Law 207

Principle 2. Use of terms 208

Principle 3. Guidelines and Criteria for Safe Use 208

Principle 4. Safety assessment 210

Principle 5. Notification of Re-entry 211

Principle 6. Consultations 212

Principle 7. Assistance to States 212

Principle 8. Responsibility 212

Principle 9. Liability and Compensation 213

Principle 10. Settlement of Disputes 213

Principle 11. Review and Revision 213

9. Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking Into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries (13 December 1996) 215

Bibliography 219

Bibliographies 219

Journals 219

Books and Articles 219

Index 243