INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAW SECOND REVISED EDITIONPDF电子书下载

The Author 3

List of Abbreviations 13

Foreword 15

Preface 19

General Introduction 21

Chapter 1. The Founding Principles of the ILO and their Relevance Today 21

1. THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LEGISLATION 21

2. THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE FOUNDING OF THE ILO 24

3. THE INTER-WAR PERIOD AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE SYSTEM 26

4. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE 1939--1945 WAR: FIRM PRIORITIES 27

5. ILO STANDARDS AND GLOBALIZATION 32

Chapter 2. The Social Clause Dilemma 34

1. A DILEMMA THAT STRADDLES THE BORDERLINE BETWEEN LAW AND ECONOMICS 34

2. A BRIEF LOOK AT THE PAST 34

3. THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES 37

4. OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 40

Ⅰ. Unilateral Procedures 40

Ⅱ. Non-universal Trade Agreements with a Social Component 41

5. THE ROAD TAKEN BY THE ILO 43

Chapter 3. The Constitutional Framework 45

1. ILO's MANDATE AND STRUCTURES 45

2. THE ADOPTION AND TERMINATION OF ILO STANDARDS 46

Ⅰ. The Process of Preparation 46

Ⅱ. The Choice of Subjects 47

Ⅲ. The Termination of ILO Conventions and Recommendations 49

Selected Bibliography 51

Part Ⅰ. The Sources of International Labour Law 65

Chapter 1. The ILO Constitution 67

Chapter 2. The International Labour Conventions 68

1. PREPARATION, REVISION AND TERMINATION OF ILO CONVENTIONS 68

Ⅰ. Preparation 68

Ⅱ. Revision, Withdrawal, Abrogation 70

2. THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONVENTIONS 71

Ⅰ. The 'Objective' Entry into Force of the Conventions 71

Ⅱ. Bringing the Conventions before the Competent Authorities 72

Ⅲ. The 'Subjective' Entry into Force of the Conventions: Ratification 75

A. Concept and Conditions 75

B. Effects of Ratification 76

Ⅳ. The Cessation of Effects 79

A. Denunciation 79

B. Withdrawal from the Organization 80

C. Succession of States 80

D. War, and Radical and Unforeseeable Changes in Circumstances 80

3. THE INTERPRETATION OF ILO CONVENTIONS 81

Ⅰ. Principal Interpreters 81

A. Constitutional Bodies 81

B. Interpretation by the Organization's Secretariat 82

C. Interpretation by the ILO's Supervisory Bodies 83

Ⅱ. Matters Relating to Method 84

A. Consideration of Economic and Social Conditions 84

B. Interpreting the Conventions Separately or as Part of a Legal Corpus 87

C. The Programmatic Conventions 88

4. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ILO CONVENTIONS 89

Chapter 3. The Other Standard-setting Instruments 91

1. PRECARIOUS EMPLOYMENT AND ILO STANDARDS 91

2. THE OTHER ILO STANDARD-SETTING INSTRUMENTS 94

Ⅰ. Recommendations 94

Ⅱ. Declarations and Resolutions 95

A. The Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy 96

B. The Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work 97

Ⅲ. Model Codes and Codes of Practice 100

3. CODES OF CONDUCT AND SIMILAR INITIATIVES 101

Ⅰ. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 101

Ⅱ. Social Initiatives by Multinational Enterprises 104

A. Codes of Conduct 105

B. Other Social Initiatives 106

Chapter 4. Conflicts between International Labour Standards 107

Part Ⅱ. The Content of International Labour Standards 109

Chapter 1. Freedom of Association and Social Dialogue 110

1. GENERAL STANDARDS ON FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 112

Ⅰ. Freedom of Association for Workers and Employers 112

A. The Freedom to Create and Join an Association 112

B. The Right to Form Federations and Confederations and to Join International Employers' and Workers' Organizations 113

C. The Protection of Trade Unions from Administrative Suspension or Dissolution 14

D. Rights and Guarantees of Trade Union Activity 14

E. Freedom of Association, Civil and Political Rights 16

Ⅱ. Collective Relations between Social Players 17

A. The Promotion of Collective Bargaining 17

B. Social Dialogue 18

C. Strikes 19

D. Voluntary Conciliation and Arbitration 20

E. The Elimination of Anti-trade Union Employment Practices 121

2. SPECIFIC STANDARDS ON INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS WITHIN THE UNDERTAKING 123

Ⅰ. The Protection of Workers' Representatives 123

Ⅱ. Participative Management 124

Ⅲ. Grievances 125

3. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND SOCIAL RIGHTS 127

Chapter 2. Labour and Employment 130

1. FORCED LABOUR AND CHILD LABOUR 130

Ⅰ. Forced Labour 131

Ⅱ. The Prohibition of Child Labour 135

Ⅲ. The Protection of Young People at Work 140

A. Medical Examinations 141

B. Arrangement of Working Time 142

C. Dangerous Work 143

D. Facilities 144

2. EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND TREATMENT 144

Ⅰ. The Promotion of Occupational Equality 146

A. The Causes of Discrimination 147

B. The Areas Protected 149

C. Discriminatory Acts and Situations 149

D. The Scope and Implementation of the Standards on Equality 152

Ⅱ. Equality between Men and Women 153

3. EMPLOYMENT POLICY AND PROMOTION 158

Ⅰ. Social Policies and Job Stimulation 161

Ⅱ. Enhancing Occupational Skills 164

A. International Law on Vocational Training and Orientation 165

B. The Scope of the Standards 168

Ⅲ. Dismissal 170

Ⅳ. Unemployment Benefits and Employment 175

4. LABOUR ADMINISTRATIONS 178

Ⅰ. Employment Services 178

Ⅱ. Monitoring Employment Conditions 182

Ⅲ. The Settlement of Labour Disputes 184

Ⅳ. International Labour Relations 186

Ⅴ. An Efficient Labour Administration 186

5. WORKING TIME 187

Ⅰ. General Overview 187

Ⅱ. Hours of Work 190

Ⅲ. Night Work 192

A. Convention No. 89 (Revised), on Night Work (Women), 1948 193

B. The 1990 Protocol to Convention No. 89 193

C. Convention No. 171 and Recommendation No. 178 194

Ⅳ. Rest Periods 195

A. Weekly Rest 195

B. Paid Leave 196

6. WAGES 198

Ⅰ. Overview of International Legislation 198

Ⅱ. Wage Protection 199

Ⅲ. Labour Clauses in Public Contracts 202

Ⅳ. Fixing the Minimum Wage 203

7. OCCUPATIONAL SECURITY 205

Ⅰ. The International Dimension of Regulations on Occupational Health 206

Ⅱ. Changes in ILO Standards on Occupational Health 208

A. The Changing Field of Application 208

B. Changes in the Methods of Protecting Health 209

C. A New Vision of Occupational Health Standards 211

Ⅲ. National Implementation of the Standards 212

A. The Obstacles Overcome and Remaining Difficulties 212

B. The Cost of Occupational Health Standards 214

Ⅳ. Protection of Workers' Personal Data 216

8. NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT 217

Ⅰ. The Applicability of International Labour Standards to the Various Forms of Employment 218

A. Freedom of Association 218

B. Labour and Employment 219

1. Forced Labour and Child Labour 219

2. Equality of Opportunity and Treatment 219

3. Employment Policy and Promotion 220

4. Labour Administration 221

5. Conditions of Work 221

C. Social Security 222

Ⅱ. The Specific Standards 223

A. Independent Work 223

B. Family Work 227

C. Apprenticeship 228

D. Homework 229

E. Part-Time Work 231

9. FOREIGN WORKERS 232

Ⅰ. The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 234

Ⅱ. ILO Instruments on Migrant Workers 236

A. Field of Application 236

B. Conditions of Access to Foreign Employment Markets 237

C. Equality of Opportunity and Treatment 238

D. Policy of Integration and Respect for Identity 240

Ⅲ. The Provisions on Migrant Workers in ILO General Instruments 241

10. SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF WORKERS 242

Ⅰ. Specific Standards Owing to Personal Conditions 243

A. Women Workers 243

B. Older Workers 247

Ⅱ. Specific Occupation-related Standards 249

A. Hotel and Restaurant Workers 249

B. Nursing Personnel 250

C. Plantation Workers 251

D. Dockworkers 252

E. Fishermen 253

F. Seamen 255

Ⅲ. Indigenous and Tribal Peoples 258

Chapter 3. Social Security 261

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 261

Ⅰ. Historical Markers 261

Ⅱ. Common Principles 264

A. Field of Application: Universality and Flexibility 264

B. Method for Calculating Cash Benefits 265

C. Organization and Administration 266

D. Suspension, Refusal, Withdrawal of Benefits 268

E. The Beneficiaries' Right of Appeal 268

2. THE BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SECURITY 269

Ⅰ. Employment Injury 269

A. Definition of the Contingency 269

B. Beneficiaries 270

C. Benefits 270

D. Conditions of Allocation 272

Ⅱ. Medical Care 272

A. Definition of the Contingency 272

B. Beneficiaries 273

C. Benefits 273

D. Conditions of Allocation 274

Ⅲ. Sickness Benefits 274

A. Definition of the Contingency 274

B. Beneficiaries 274

C. Benefits 275

D. Conditions of Allocation 275

Ⅳ. Invalidity Benefits 275

A. Definition of the Contingency 275

B. Beneficiaries 276

C. Benefits 276

D. Conditions of Allocation 277

Ⅴ. Survivors' Benefits 277

A. Definition of the Contingency 277

B. Beneficiaries 278

C. Benefits 278

D. Conditions of Allocation 279

Ⅵ. Old-age Benefits 279

A. Definition of the Contingency 279

B. Beneficiaries 279

C. Benefits 280

D. Conditions of Allocation 280

Ⅶ. Maternity Benefits 281

A. Definition of the Contingency 281

B. Beneficiaries 281

C. Benefits 281

D. Conditions of Allocation 282

Ⅷ. Family Benefits 283

A. Definition of the Contingency 283

B. Beneficiaries 283

C. Benefits 283

D. Conditions of Allocation 283

Ⅸ. Unemployment Benefits 284

A. Definition of the Contingency 284

B. Beneficiaries 284

C. Benefits 285

D. Conditions of Allocation 285

3. THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF MIGRANT WORKERS 287

Ⅰ. Equality of Treatment 288

Ⅱ. Maintenance of Acquired Rights and Provision of Benefits Abroad 288

Ⅲ. Maintenance of Rights in Course of Acquisition 289

Ⅳ. Applicable Legislation 289

Ⅴ. Mutual Administrative Assistance and Assistance to Persons 290

Part Ⅲ. The Effectiveness of International Labour Standards 291

Chapter 1. The Supervision and Promotion of ILO Standards 293

1. GENERAL SUPERVISORY PROCEDURES 293

Ⅰ. Regular Supervision 293

A. The Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations 294

B. The International Labour Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations 295

Ⅱ. Representations and Complaints 295

2. SPECIAL PROCEDURES 297

Ⅰ. The Complaints Procedure for Violations of Freedom of Association 297

Ⅱ. The Credentials Committee 301

Ⅲ. Other Special Procedures 302

3. PUTTING THE SUPERVISORY MECHANISMS IN PERSPECTIVE 303

4. PROMOTION AND COOPERATION 307

Chapter 2. Implementation Difficulties 313

1. THE PROBLEMS RAISED 314

2. RESPONSES GIVEN 317

3. ONGOING DIFFICULTIES 322

Ⅰ. Difficulties Relating to the Existence of the Standard and its Wording 323

Ⅱ. Difficulties Relating to Supervision of Labour Standards 327

Ⅲ. Factors Relating to the Socio-economic Context 331

Ⅳ. Striking a Balance: the Decent Work Approach 333

Index 341