INTERNATIONAL ADJUDICATION PROCEDURAL ASPECTSPDF电子书下载

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION 1

1.General Doctrinal Observations 1

2.Objective of the Study 5

3.Scope of the Study 6

4.Definitional Problems 10

Ⅱ.PROCEDURAL NORMS AND FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURAL RIGHTS 12

1.Objectives 13

2.Procedural Norms： From Municipal into International Law 15

2.1.Audi Alteram Partem and Equality of Parties in Municipal Law 15

2.2.Fundamental Procedural Norms as “General Principles of Law” 19

2.3.Concern for Fundamental Procedural Norms in Interna- tional Law 21

3.General Practice of International Tribunals 21

4.Fundamental Procedural Rights 25

4.1 Right to Composition of Tribunal 25

4.2.Right to be Heard 30

4.3.Right to due Deliberation by a Duly Constituted Tribunal 31

4.4.Right to a Reasoned Judgment 33

4.5.Right to a Tribunal Free from Corruption 35

4.6.Right to Proceedings Free from Fraud 35

5.Limits of Procedural Rights 36

6.Fundamental Procedural Norms in Advisory Proceedings 42

7.Effect of Non-observance of Fundamental Procedural Rights 48

Ⅲ.INITIATION OF PROCEEDINGS 54

1.Special Agreement or Compromis 54

2.Representation of Parties before the Tribunal 58

2.1.Right to Appoint Representatives 58

2.2.Qualifications of Representatives 60

2.3.Appointment of Representatives 63

2.4.Role of Agent， Counsel and Advocates 67

2.5.Legal Effects of Acts of Representatives 69

2.6.Representation of ‘Parties’ in Advisory Proceedings 72

3.Formal Institution of Proceedings 73

3.1.When Are Proceedings said to be Instituted？ 73

3.2.L’Acte Introductif 77

3.3.Contents of L’Acte Introductif 80

3.3.1.General Contentious Proceedings 80

3.3.2.Other Proceedings 83

3.4.Effects of L’Acte Introductif 88

3.5.Notification or Service of Notice 90

4.Preliminary Measures 92

4.1.Preliminary Consultation with Parties 92

4.2.Time Limits 93

4.2.1.Time-limits Fixed by Special Agreement 95

4.2.2.Considerations for Granting Extension to Time-limits 96

4.2.3.Computation of Time-limits 99

4.2.4.Effect of Non-observance of Time-limits 100

Ⅳ.WRITTEN PROCEEDINGS 103

1.Object of Written Proceedings 103

2.Simultaneous versus Successive Presentation of Pleadings 104

3.Number of Pleadings 110

4.Form and Content of Pleadings 112

4.1.Terminology 113

4.2.General Characteristics 113

4.3.Memorial 116

4.4.Counter-Memorial 119

4.5.Reply 121

4.6.Rejoinder 122

4.7.Pleadings in Advisory Proceedings 122

4.8.Pleadings in Other Proceedings 123

5.Dilatory Pleas 123

5.1.The Concept of Dilatory Pleas in International Procedure 123

5.2.Scope of Dilatory Pleas in International Arbitration 125

5.3.Practice and Procedure of the International Court 127

5.3.1.Contentious Cases 127

5.3.2.Advisory Proceedings 131

6.Ancillary Claims 133

7.Amendment of Pleadings 137

8.Submissions or Conclusions 139

9.Joinder， Separation and Regrouping of Claims 144

10.Problem of Publicity 146

11.Problem of Language 153

11.1.The Problem in Arbitration 153

11.2.The Problem before the International Court 155

12.Effect of Pleadings 157

Ⅴ.ORAL PROCEEDINGS 162

1.Objectives 162

2.Resort to the Faculty of Oral Proceedings 164

2.1.Absence of Compromis Provision 164

2.2 Facultative Nature of Oral Proceedings 165

3.When Does Hearing Commence？ 166

3.1.Closure of Pleadings 166

3.2.Preliminary Hearing 168

3.3.Fixing of the Date of Commencement of Hearing 170

3.4.Postponement of Hearing 171

4.Order of Oral Statements 172

4.1.Arbitral Practice 172

4.2.Practice of International Court 173

4.2.1.Contentious Cases 173

4.2.2.Advisory Proceedings 174

5.Permissible Number of Oral Statements 176

6.Length of Oral Arguments 178

7.Tribunal Participation in Hearing 179

7.1.Method and Objective 179

7.2.Practice 179

7.3.Juridical Character of Tribunal Participation 182

8.Oral Interpretation 183

Ⅵ.PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE 187

1.Objectives 187

2.Definition of Evidence 189

3.General Operational Problems 190

4.Flexibility of Law of Evidence 192

4.1.Absence of Diverse Schools of Thought on the Law of Evidence 192

4.2.Non-Technicality as a Procedural Principle of Evidence 193

4.3.Influence of Municipal Legal Systems on Law of Evidence in International Procedure 195

5.Obligation of Parties to Present Evidence 198

5.1.General Obligation of Parties 198

5.2.Notice of Evidence 201

5.3.Burden of Proof 202

5.4.Presumptions 207

5.5.Judicial Notice 209

5.6.Tribunal’s Powers to Procure Evidence 211

5.6.1.General Powers 211

5.6.2.Visit on the Spot 213

6.Modes of Proof 215

6.1.General Considerations 215

6.1.1.Contemporaneous Evidence 215

6.1.2.Absence of ‘Best Evidence’ Rule 216

6.1.3.Discovery and Inspection 216

6.1.4.Authentication of Documents 219

6.1.5.Common Modes of Proof 220

6.2.Documentary Evidence 221

6.2.1.General 221

6.2.2.Travaux Preparatoires 221

6.2.3.Maps 223

6.3.Affidavits 225

6.4.Oral Evidence 227

6.4.1.Witness Testimony 229

6.4.2.Expert Evidence 234

6.5.Evidence of Public International Organizations 238

7.Time for Presentation of Evidence 238

7.1.Presentation during Written Proceedings 239

7.2.Presentation after Closure of Pleadings and/during Oral Proceed- ings 239

7.2.1.Doctrinal Position 240

7.2.2.Procedure for Presentation of Additional Documentary Evidence 242

7.2.3.Order of Presentation of Evidence during Oral Proceed- ings 245

7.2.4.Closure of Hearing 245

Ⅶ.INTERVENTION 248

1.Objective 248

2.Evolution of Intervention in International Procedure 249

3.Types of Intervention 253

3.1.Intervention by Leave of Tribunal 254

3.1.1.International Court 254

3.1.2.Other Tribunals 257

3.2.Intervention as of Right 258

4.Scope of Admissible Intervention before International Court 259

5.Procedure for Intervention before International Court 261

5.1.Notification of Principal Proceedings 261

5.2.Special Notification under Article 63 of the Statute of the Inter- national Court 262

5.3.Document Instituting Intervention Proceedings 263

5.3.1.Mixed Arbitral Tribunals 263

5.3.2.The Court of Justice of the European Communities 265

5.3.3.The International Court 265

5.4.Timing of Intervention 266

5.5.Admissibility Procedure 269

5.5.1.Notification of Intervention to Parties 269

5.5.2.Further Proceedings on Admissibility 270

5.5.3.Decision on Admissibility 271

5.6.Post-Admissibility Procedure 271

6.Effect of Intervention 272

6.1.Effect on Procedural Rights 273

6.2.General Substantive Effect 274

Ⅷ.INTERIM MEASURES OF PROTECTION 276

1.Introduction 276

2.Historical Perspective 277

3.Objectives of Interim Measures 280

4.Nature of Interim Measures Proceeding 282

4.1.Incidental Jurisdiction 283

4.2.Provisional Nature 283

4.3.As a Separate Proceedings 284

4.4.Interim Measures Order and ‘Interim’ or Phasal Judgment 284

4.5.Non-Applicability of Res Judicata 285

5.Inherent Power of the Tribunal 286

6.Scope of the Power of International Court to Indicate Interim Measures 289

6.1.The Statute and Rules of Court 289

6.2.Operative Conditions 292

6.2.1.General Conditions 292

6.2.2.Power to Indicate Interim Measures in the Face of Chal- lenge to Substantive Jurisdiction 298

7.Procedural Practice of International Court 304

7.1.General Procedure 304

7.2.Composition of Court 305

7.3.Right to be Heard 306

7.4.Extension of Time-limits 307

7.5.Settlement and Discontinuance 307

8.Effects of Non-Compliance with Interim Measures 308