UNDERSTANDING CRIMINAL JUSTICE:SOCIOGICAL PERSPECTIVESPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION 1

The Sociological Imperative 1

What this Book Does and Doesn’t Do 4

The Structure of the Book 6

1 THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 8

Introduction 8

Social Order and Modernity 9

Contract Theory 12

Emile Durkheim 13

The Marxist Tradition 19

Symbolic Interactionism and Labelling Theory 26

Poststructuralism 28

Postmodern Approaches 32

Weberian Approaches 36

Norbert Elias and the Civilizing Process 37

Feminist Perspectives 39

The Relevance of Theory 42

Study Questions 42

Glossary of Key Terms 43

Suggested Further Reading 45

Suggested Websites 46

2 THE LAW 47

Introduction 47

Legal Systems 47

Liberal Legal Philosophy 50

Law and Norms 51

Past Processes： The Emergence of Law 52

Current Questions： Law， Postmodernity and Globalization 55

Jurisprudential Approaches to the Law 57

Equality 62

Objectivity 64

Public/Private Dichotomy 69

Rights 72

Conclusion 78

Study Questions 79

Glossary of Key Terms 79

Suggested Further Reading 81

Suggested Websites 81

3 THE POLICE 83

Introduction 83

The History of Policing 84

Police Culture 88

The Police World-view and Behaviour 89

Routine Policing 91

Styles of Policing 95

Policing and Politics 103

The Policing of Minorities 104

Police Deviance 107

Reforming the Police 108

Other Enforcement Agencies 110

Private Policing 112

Police and the Media 115

Conclusion 117

Study Questions 118

Glossary of Key Terms 118

Suggested Further Reading 119

Suggested Websites 120

4 COURT PROCESSES AND PERSONNEL 121

Introduction 121

The Role of the Courts 121

Language and Power 125

Sentencing 128

Ethnicity 129

Gender 133

Minimizing Discretion in Sentencing 136

Judging Victims： Rape， Gender Stereotypes and Victims of Crime 139

Key Courtroom Players - Lawyers， Judges， Juries 142

Alternative Adjudication 154

Media Representations of Law 159

Conclusion 163

Study Questions 163

Glossary of Key Terms 164

Suggested Further Reading 166

Suggested Websites 166

5 PUNISHMENT 167

Philosophies of Punishment 167

Prisons 169

The History of the Prison 169

Do Prisons Work？ 172

Prison Populations 175

The Experience of Prison and Prison Culture 178

Prisons as a Negotiated Order 182

Women in Prisons 183

Intermediate Sanctions 185

The Death Penalty 188

New Initiatives in Punishment 189

Conclusion 192

Study Questions 192

Glossary of Key Terms 193

Suggested Further Reading 194

Suggested Websites 194

6 CONCLUSION 196

Law， Criminal Justice and the Sociological Perspective 196

Study Questions 206

Glossary of Key Terms 206

Suggested Further Reading 206

BIBLIOGRAPHY 207

INDEX 221